Shum

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Shum
śùm lhau
Created byIlL, Praimhín
SettingVerse:Tricin
Hlou-Ku
  • Shum
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Shumian (native name śùm lhau) is a Hlou-Ku language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of IlL's old sketches, Reber Wiebian.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Initials

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Retroflex Retroflex Lateral Palatal Velar Glottal
Voiceless stop p /p/ t /t̪/ /ʈ/ ṭḷ /ʈᶩ/ c /c/ k /k/
Aspirated stop ph /pʰ/ th /t̪ʰ/ ṭh /ʈʰ/ ṭḷh /ʈᶩʰ/ ch /cʰ/ kh /kʰ/
Voiced stop b /b/ d /d̪/ /ɖ/ ḍḷ /ɖᶩ/ j /ɟ/ g /ɡ/
Murmured stop bh /bʰ/ dh /d̪ʰ/ ḍh /ɖʰ/ ḍḷh /ɖᶩʰ/ jh /ɟʰ/ gh /ɡʰ/
Nasal m /m/ n /n̪/ /ɳ/ ṇḷ /ɳᶩ/ ñ /ɲ/
Murmured nasal mh /mʰ/ nh /n̪ʰ/ ṇh /ɳʰ/ ṇḷh /ɳᶩʰ/ ñh /ɲʰ/
Fricative s /s/ /ʂ/ ś /ç~ɕ/ h /h/
Approximant v /ʋ/ l /l/ /ɺ̢/ y /j/
Murmured approximant vh /ʋʰ/ lh /lʰ/ ḷh /ɺ̢ʰ/
Trill r /r/

Rimes

  • aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with mid (33) and low (22) tones (spelled a i u ah ih uh)
  • a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: im~ĩ: um~ũ: with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones (spelled ā e ī o ū ai au am im um)

Tones

Tone Mid Low Rising Falling Dipping High dipping
Spelling a à á â ä ǎ

Registers

There are two main registers of Shumian, traditionally called White (Bhā́) and Green (Ḍḷàḥ). The main difference is that White Shumian uses lots of loans from Rhythoed.

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Shumian is completely isolating and head-final.

  • ṇā̀ (I), mhäi (boat) ⇒ ṇā̀ mhäi (my boat)
  • rúm (eye), be (water) ⇒ rúm be (tears)

Pronouns

Shumian pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (ṇā̀ is used only in textbooks)

Numbers

Number Shumian
0
1
2 bhàḥ
3 vûṁ
4 pai
5 śaṁ
6 śū̂
7 nhai
8 rìṁ
9 lhiḥ
10
11 nā̌
12 ū
144 vī̈
1728 dhâu

Syntax

Word order is SVO; adjectives and relative clauses come before nouns; there are postpositions instead of prepositions; determiners and classifiers are placed before the noun; complementizers are head-initial.

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Lexicon

ṇḷhàḥ ← *sŋrasx 'fire'

Other resources