Solerian

Solerian
Soleя
Pronunciation	[/solˈeɹ/]
Created by	Newrhotic
Native speakers	None (2013)
Sources	a priori
Language codes
ISO 639-3	-

Soleя, /solˈeɹ/, (romanized as Soler) or Solerian is a highly alveolarized language, with a moderately large consonant inventory, and 15 grammatical cases. It is spoken by no one as it is still under construction and, for the same reasons, it has no native speakers. Its origin traces back to January 2013 and it still has a long way to go. Its bigger peculiarity might be the presence of speech function markers (statement/question/command/offer/irony) realized by click consonants.

Overview

	Gender	Cases	Numbers	Tenses	Persons	Moods	Voices	Aspects
Verb	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
Nouns	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Adjectives	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Numbers	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Participles	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Adverb	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Pronouns	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Adpositions	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Article	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Particle	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No

Phonology

Consonants and semi-vowels

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Labio-velar	Lateral
Nasal	m			n		ɲ
Plosive	p · b			t · d		tʃ	k · g
Fricative		f	θ	s	ʃ	ʝ		χ
Approximant				ɹ		j			w
Trill				r				ʀ
Flap or tap				ɾ
Lateral app.				l
Clicks	ʘ		ǀ	ǃ		ǂ				ǁ

Phonetic notes

The phonemes /b/, /d/, and /ɡ/ are realized as approximants (namely [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞], hereafter represented without the undertack) or fricatives in all places except after a pause, after a nasal consonant, or —in the case of /d/— after a lateral consonant; in such contexts they are realized as voiced stops.

The phoneme /n/ is realized as a voiced velar nasal [ŋ] before velar /k/, /g/ or uvular /χ/, /ʀ/.

Vowels

Short vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e̞		o̞
Open-mid	ɛ	ə
Open		ä

Dipthongs

Falling
[äj]	€€	'€'	[äw]	€€	'€'
[e̞j]	saяdejp	'infinite'	[e̞w]	€€	'€'
[o̞j]	naꝛoj	'sadness'	[o̞w]	€	'€'
[uj]	€€	'€'
Rising
[jä]	€€	'€'	[wä]	€€	'€'
[je̞]	€€	'€'	[we̞]	€€	'€'
			[wi]	€€	'€'
[jo̞]	€€	'€'	[wo̞]	€€	'€'
[ju]	€€	'€'

Hiatus

€€€€€€€€€€€€€

Phonotactics

(C)	(C)	V	(C)	(Coda)
€	€	€	€	-

Orthography

Grapheme	Name	Pronunciation	Further information
A, a	A	[ä]	-
Æ, æ	Æß	[ɛ]	Only used in femenine gendered nouns
B, b	Bej	[b]	-
C, c	Cej	[tʃ]
D, d	Dej	[d]	-
E, e	E	[e̞]	-
F, f	Fej	[f]	-
G, g	Gej	[g]	-
I, i	I	[i]	-
J, j	Jaw	[j]	Semi-vowel
K, k	Kaw	[k]	-
L, l	Lej	[l]	-
M, m	Mej	[m]	-
N, n	Naw	[n]	-
И, и	Иaw	[ɲ]	-
O, o	O	[o̞]	-
Œ, œ	Œß	[ə]	Only used in masculine gendered nouns
P, p	Paw	[p]	-
R, r	Rjaw	[r]	Trilled
Ꝛ, ꝛ	Eꝛaw	[ɾ]	Flapped/Tapped
Я, я	Яaw	[ɹ]	Rhotic
Ʀ, ʀ	Ʀaw	[ʀ]	Uvular
S, s	Sej	[s]	-
ẞ, ß	ẞaw	[∫]	-
T, t	Taw	[t]	-
U, u	U	[u]	-
W, w	Wej	[w]	Semi-vowel
X, x	Xej	[χ]	-
Y, y	Yej	[ʝ]	-
Z, z	Zej	[θ]	-
⁓	Pan	[ʘ]	Statement marker (emphatic)
?	Klon	[!]	Question marker
!	Ten	[ǀ]	Command marker
§	Cen	[ǁ]	Suggestion marker
⸮	Ken	[ǂ]	Irony marker

Morphology

In Solerian, as well as in the rest of languages, there are different types of words: Nouns, adjetives, verbs…

Nouns

Nouns are words used to designate people, animals, ideas, concepts and so on. Some examples:

• €€€: house
• €€€: child
• €€€: freedom

There are two kinds of names:

• Common nouns: €€€
• Proper nouns: €€€

Grammar

Gender and number

Nouns in Solerian can be abstract, inanimate, or animate.

• Abstract gender englobes ideas, actions or abstractions: race, jump, freedom.
• Inanimate gender refers to tangible non-living beings: stone, sun, window.
• Animate gender unites living beings: bird, person, doctor.
  • Although it is not required, sex can be specified by adding to the noun the suffix -œ for masculine, and -æ for femenine nouns.

Regarding number, there are three categories nouns can fall in:

• Singular, portraying only one entity: The car, a cat.
• Dual, for natural pairs: eyes, the couple, a pair of trousers.
• Plural, for two or more entities: The cars, four women.

Personal pronouns

Singular personal pronouns

	Abstract	Inanimate	Animate
			Unspecified	Sex
				Masculine	Femenine
Zero person	Lo	-	-	-	-
First person	-	-	Ale	Alœ	Alæ
Second person	-	-	Bale	Balœ	Balæ
Third person	Calo	Cali	Cale	Calœ	Calæ
Fourth person	-	-	Dale	-	-

Dual personal pronouns

	Abstract	Inanimate	Animate
First person	-	-	Alele
Second person	-	-	Balele
Third person	Calolo	Calili	Calele

Plural personal pronouns

		Abstract	Inanimate	Animate
First person	Exclusive	-	-	Aleßu
	Inclusive	-	-	Abaleßu
Second person		-	-	Baleßu
Third person		Caloßu	Calißu	Caleßu

Numerals

Solerial numeral system is heavily decimal. Numbers are arranged in sets:

• Pom: numbers from 0 to 9.
• Daki: sets of ten, or denaries (all the x*10 numbers).
• Fentu: sets of hundred (all the x*10² numbers).
• Иare: sets of thousand (all the x*10³ numbers).
• Xusti: sets of million (all the x*10⁶ numbers).
• Яaze: sets of trillion (all the x*10¹² numbers).

Pom numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals	Daki numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals	Fentu numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals
0	ʀajni	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1	tꝛepye(pom)	tꝛepyepono	10	tꝛepyedaki	tꝛepyedakigi	100	tꝛepyefentu	tꝛepyefentudu
2	ganse(pom)	gansepono	20	gansedaki	gansedakigi	200	gansefentu	gansefentudu
3	likli(pom)	liklipono	30	liklidaki	liklidakigi	300	liklifentu	liklifentudu
4	flastez(pom)	flastezpono	40	flastesdaki	flastesdakigi	400	flastezfentu	flastezfentudu
5	bostaꝛ(pom)	bostaꝛpono	50	bostaꝛdaki	bostaꝛdakigi	500	bostaꝛfentu	bostaꝛfentudu
6	kortet(pom)	kortetpono	60	kortetaki	kortetakigi	600	kortetfentu	kortetfentudu
7	иusi(pom)	иusipono	70	иusidaki	иusidakigi	700	иusifentu	иusifentudu
8	lolto(pom)	loltopono	80	loltodaki	loltodakigi	800	loltofentu	loltofentudu
9	nwarif(pom)	nwarifpono	90	nwarifdaki	nwarifdakigi	900	nwarifentu	nwarifentudu

Иare numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals	Xusti numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals	Яaze numbers	Cardinals	Ordinals
1 000	tꝛepyeиare	tꝛepyeиareꝛe	1 000 000	tꝛepyexusti	tꝛepyexustidi	1012	tꝛepyeяaze	tꝛepyeяazese
2 000	ganseиare	ganseиareꝛe	2 000 000	gansexusti	gansexustidi	2*1012	ganseяaze	ganseяazese
3 000	likliиare	likliиareꝛe	3 000 000	liklixusti	liklixustidi	3*1012	likliяaze	likliяazese
4 000	flastezиare	flastezиareꝛe	4 000 000	flasteßusti	flasteßustidi	4*1012	flastezяaze	flastezяazese
5 000	bostaꝛиare	bostaꝛиareꝛe	5 000 000	bostaꝛxusti	bostaꝛxustidi	5*1012	bostaяaze	bostaяazese
6 000	kortetиare	kortetиareꝛe	6 000 000	kortetxusti	kortetxustidi	6*1012	kortetяaze	kortetяazese
7 000	иusiиare	иusiиareꝛe	7 000 000	иusixusti	иusixustidi	7*1012	иusiяaze	иusiяazese
8 000	loltoиare	loltoиareꝛe	8 000 000	loltoxusti	loltoxustidi	8*1012	loltoяaze	loltoяazese
9 000	nwarifиare	nwarifиareꝛe	9 000 000	nwarifxusti	nwarifxustidi	9*1012	nwarifяaze	nwarifяazese

Numbers are arranged in order, from bigger to smaller (a*10ⁱ + b*10^i-1 + … + w*10³ + x*10² + y*10 + z).

Some examples:

• 23: gansedaki likli(pom)
• 749: иusifentu flastezdaki nwarif(pom)
• 184922: tꝛepyefentu loltodaki flastesиare nwarifentu gansedaki ganse(pom)
• #18 : tꝛepyedakigi loltopono

Grammatical cases

Case (particle)	Usage	Soleя	English
Nominative (·aяa)	agent
Accusative (·bяe)	patient
Dative (·kuя)	recipient
Genitive (·eя)	relationship, possession
Benefactive (·foя)	beneficiary
Instrumental (·axra)	instrument
Privative (·tix)	lacking something
Essive-Modal (·ux)	manner of doing something
Commitative (·ex)	accompanied by sth/sb
Causal-final (·ox)	efficient or final cause
Ablative (·af)	movement away from something
Lative (·if)	movement to something
Locative (·duf)	location
Partitive (·ef)	used for amounts
Temporal (·of)	specifying a time

Syntax

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