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''"An bhé chuc cún dhér dó gil me dí. Och tel lé gérul del ténan me dí, lú | {{Featured | ||
|featured banner= Bhé bhél bér cór ghír ítá. Bhé fhémoc bér me ló cór ít pon éloc té bér dhén na bélim na lú dhír cór ghír ítá.}} | |||
''"An bhé chuc cún dhér dó gil me dí. Och tel lé gérul del ténan me dí, lú chím lú ba lú lé bhoc del lór me dí cór tol. En gar dí me gon."''-Lúdhí Fén Ógil Níradh. | |||
"We take from Iron it's rightful prize. And if we sail to the wide world's end, all know that we'll return from the depths a thousand times. Death cannot keep us."-Old Fén War Song. | "We take from Iron it's rightful prize. And if we sail to the wide world's end, all know that we'll return from the depths a thousand times. Death cannot keep us."-Old Fén War Song. | ||
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"Language is always expanding to meet the needs of an expanding language." | "Language is always expanding to meet the needs of an expanding language." | ||
Current | Current Issues: | ||
*What purpose does accusative serve directly? Having been influenced heavily by Irish, Fén uses "cór", "del", "ce" and "dó" in the same way many languages use accusative. Currently in a lot of cases, it either emulates English or could be made into an adjective in many ways. It may be necessary to expand the case or else examine what uses remain for it. | |||
*Could there be issues if Perfective is lost? | |||
*Can Nér be removed in favour of Del? Hit against you v. Hit to you. Counter Example: "Race to the store against me", could this be worked around [or just the ambiguity of "Run to him" v. "Run against him"] | |||
Also, vocabularly. Always more vocabularly. | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Line 563: | Line 573: | ||
Sight->''''Cím'''' | Sight->''''Cím'''' | ||
Dark Sight (A Foreboding Vision)-> | Dark Sight (A Foreboding Vision)->"''Pél '''ch'''ím.''" | ||
Very dark sight-> ''''Bér pél '''ch'''ím''" | Very dark sight-> ''''Bér pél '''ch'''ím''" | ||
Line 709: | Line 719: | ||
|Must | |Must | ||
|Mood | |Mood | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|colspan="6"|"''I had wanted to love you until then.''" | |colspan="6"|"''I had wanted to love you until then.''" | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Vocative noun phrase==== | |||
The person who is being addressed usually precedes the rest of the sentence. This is particularly used when addressing to get their attention someone; | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
<!-- Sentence --> | <!-- Sentence --> | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="8"| "''Dóthan, bhoc íc.''" | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | <!-- Pronunciation--> | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="8"| /do'han, wɑk ic / | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Morphemes--> | <!-- Morphemes--> | ||
|<small> | |<small>Dóthan.VOC</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>bhoc</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>íc</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Gloss--> | <!-- Gloss--> | ||
| | |Joan | ||
| | |Come | ||
| | |Here | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan="8"| "'' | | colspan="8"| "''Joan, come here.''" | ||
|} | |} | ||
It may also be worked into the sentence, preceding the subject, re [thou], ré [you] or dé [we]. This is used to clarify or single out a subject; | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
<!-- Sentence --> | <!-- Sentence --> | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="8"| "''Bhoc íc me Dóthan re?''" | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | <!-- Pronunciation--> | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="8"| /Wɑk ic mɛ do'han rɛ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Morphemes--> | <!-- Morphemes--> | ||
|<small> | |<small>Bhoc</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>íc</small> | ||
|<small>me-</small> | |<small>me-</small> | ||
|<small>-Dóthan-</small> | |||
|<small>-re</small> | |<small>-re</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Gloss--> | <!-- Gloss--> | ||
|<small> | |<small>Come</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>Here</small> | ||
|<small> | |<small>SBJ.Aux-</small> | ||
|<small>-Joan.VOC-</small> | |||
|<small>- | |<small>-2S</small> | ||
|<small>- | |||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="8"| "''Come here, Joan.''" | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Nomative noun phrase=== | |||
This is the subject or actor in a sentence. It usually comes around the end of a sentence, unless the location or time of the action is being framed. | |||
Nomative nouns are marked with "me". | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
<!-- Sentence --> | <!-- Sentence --> | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="8"| "Bhé chím lírod me Dim." | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | <!-- Pronunciation--> | ||
| colspan=" | | colspan="8"| /ve xim lir'ɑd mɛ dɪm/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Morphemes--> | <!-- Morphemes--> | ||
|<small>bhé-</small> | |||
|<small> | |<small>-chím</small> | ||
|<small>lírod</small> | |||
|<small>- | |||
|<small> | |||
|<small>me-</small> | |<small>me-</small> | ||
|<small>- | |<small>-Dim</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Gloss--> | <!-- Gloss--> | ||
| | |<small>PST.Aux-</small> | ||
|<small>-V\See</small> | |||
| | |<small>Here</small> | ||
| | |<small>SBJ.Aux-</small> | ||
| | |<small>-Jim.VOC</small> | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan="8"| " | | colspan="8"| "Jim saw the ball." | ||
|} | |} | ||
It should be noted that in "to be" sentences [which use té as the principle verb] there is usually no agent or actor. This is covered in the "té" section. | |||
====Accusative noun phrase==== | |||
Accusative nouns are the direct objects of the sentence, which follow the verbs immediately. They are identified largely by syntax as they follow the verb immediately. There is a vestigal "ag" but this is not used except in rare cases of ambiguity. | |||
====Indirect noun phrases==== | |||
This refers to most cases of indirect objects which usually immediately follow Accusative nouns. In this category are both dative and instrumental. The difference between the two being order alone; Dative follows after Accusative, while Instrumental and Relative will follow after Dative or the relevant noun. | |||
====Framing noun phrases==== | |||
These are similar to a dependant clauses in English, though necessarily not conditional; these frame the place, time and reason why an action happened as well as an original source. It should be noted that if a place is part of the action or only partial, then that place should be either a Accusative/Dative [I went to the field] or relative [I went to the person who was at the field]. | |||
*Instrumental phrase; Objects which are used as instruments in order to perform an action. | |||
*Locative phrase; Objects which indicate where the action is taking place. | |||
*Temporal phrase; Objects which indicate when the action is taking place. Closely related to Locative. | |||
*Causal phrase; Objects which indicate for what reason an action is taking place. | |||
*Perspective phrase; Object which is the source of the information. | |||
The above four are markers for dependant clauses which frame the action and thus typically come after the noun. For poetic reasons or reasons of suspence, these may be shifted about just as in English. | |||
====Prepositional relations in Fén==== | |||
{| | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:350px;" | ||
|+ | |+Prespositions | ||
! width="30%"|Fén | |||
! width="30%"|English | |||
! width="40%"|Type | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Me | |||
| | | | ||
|Nomative | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Ag | |||
| | |||
|Accusative | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Nér | |||
| | |Against | ||
| | |Accusative/Dative | ||
| | |- | ||
| | |Dó | ||
| | |From | ||
|Accusative/Dative | |||
|- | |||
|Del | |||
|To | |||
|Accusative/Dative | |||
|- | |||
|Debh | |||
|Towards | |||
|Accusative/Dative | |||
|- | |- | ||
|Rel | |||
| | |Than | ||
| | |Accusative/Dative | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Cun | ||
| | |Like | ||
| | |Accusative/Dative | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Rú | |||
|Rú | |||
|By | |By | ||
|Instrumental | |Instrumental | ||
Line 1,389: | Line 1,296: | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan="8"| "''He looks like | | colspan="8"| "''He looks like a tired old horse's spit." | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 1,395: | Line 1,302: | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
<!-- Sentence --> | <!-- Sentence --> | ||
| colspan="8"| "''Ra fabhen cím ígel cun ne lo cu | | colspan="8"| "''Ra fabhen cím ígel cun ne lo cu ícá cébh ghal ba góbhar.'" | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | <!-- Pronunciation--> | ||
| colspan="8"| /ra favɛn sim igɛl kʊn nɛ lɑ sev ɣal ba govar/ | | colspan="8"| /ra favɛn sim igɛl kʊn nɛ lɑ kʊ ika sev ɣal ba govar/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Morphemes--> | <!-- Morphemes--> | ||
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|<small>ne</small> | |<small>ne</small> | ||
|<small>lo</small> | |<small>lo</small> | ||
|<small>cu</small> | |||
|<small>ícá</small> | |||
|<small>cébh</small> | |<small>cébh</small> | ||
|<small>ghal-</small> | |<small>ghal-</small> | ||
Line 1,421: | Line 1,330: | ||
|<small>not</small> | |<small>not</small> | ||
|<small>him</small> | |<small>him</small> | ||
|<small>in</small> | |||
|<small>there</small> | |||
|<small>after</small> | |<small>after</small> | ||
|<small>day-</small> | |<small>day-</small> | ||
Line 1,427: | Line 1,338: | ||
|- | |- | ||
<!-- Translations --> | <!-- Translations --> | ||
| colspan="8"| "''It's rare that one doesn't look like him after a day's work | | colspan="8"| "''It's rare that one doesn't look like him after a day's work there." | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 1,494: | Line 1,405: | ||
Núr meanwhile fills the purpose of "near" or when one is "by" something else. | Núr meanwhile fills the purpose of "near" or when one is "by" something else. | ||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | |||
|+ | |||
<!-- Sentence --> | |||
| colspan="8"| "''bhé dhél rú ad me re cur ébhéci bhé dénelé me re cu tílan lodénen?''" | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | |||
| colspan="8"| /ve ʒel ru ad rɛ cʊr evesi ve denɛle mɛ rɛ cʊ tilan lɑdenɛn/ | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Morphemes--> | |||
|<small>bhé</small> | |||
|<small>dhél</small> | |||
|<small>rú</small> | |||
|<small>ad</small> | |||
|<small>me</small> | |||
|<small>re</small> | |||
|<small>cur</small> | |||
|<small>ébhéci</small> | |||
|<small>bhé</small> | |||
|<small>dhénelé</small> | |||
|<small>me</small> | |||
|<small>re</small> | |||
|<small>cu</small> | |||
|<small>tílan</small> | |||
|<small>-lodénen</small> | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Gloss--> | |||
|<small>PST</small> | |||
|<small>V\Live</small> | |||
|<small>by</small> | |||
|<small>way.inq</small> | |||
|<small>aux.SBJ</small> | |||
|<small>2S</small> | |||
|<small>during</small> | |||
|<small>time.rel</small> | |||
|<small>PST</small> | |||
|<small>V\trapped</small> | |||
|<small>aux.SBJ</small> | |||
|<small>2S</small> | |||
|<small>in</small> | |||
|<small>book</small> | |||
|<small>store</small> | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Translations --> | |||
| colspan="8"| "How did you survive when you were trapped in the book store?" | |||
|} | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||
Line 1,538: | Line 1,497: | ||
=====Tonúr, Núr & Cu===== | =====Tonúr, Núr & Cu===== | ||
Tonúr, Núr and Cu can at times serve similar but distinct roles. This section serves to clarify both the different between them and the general use of all of them. | |||
An important distinction between English and Fén is that ''tonúr'' refers more specifically towards "fencing" or setting up a barrier around something, encircling might be a slightly closer term in this sense. Meanwhile less strict sense of "surround" is filled by ''cu''. | |||
Thus, a Fén Comic Book villain who's been ambushed by heroes might shout to his henchmen during battle; | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | |||
|+ | |||
<!-- Sentence --> | |||
| colspan="8"| "''Té di tonúr léníma ítibh.'" | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | |||
| colspan="8"| /te dɪ nur le'nim'a/ | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Morphemes--> | |||
|<small>té</small> | |||
|<small>di</small> | |||
|<small>tonúr</small> | |||
|<small>léním-</small> | |||
|<small>-a</small> | |||
|<small>ítá</small> | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Gloss--> | |||
|<small>Is</small> | |||
|<small>1S</small> | |||
|<small>surrounded.by</small> | |||
|<small>idiot-</small> | |||
|<small>-pl</small> | |||
|<small>these</small> | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Translations --> | |||
| colspan="8"| "''I'm encircled by these idiots!" | |||
|} | |||
=====Nédén & Nér===== | While after defeat, he might bemoan the incompetance of his henchmen by shouting | ||
Fairly different but have an similar inherent contrast to them. | {| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | ||
|+ | |||
''Nér'' is used in the sense of something which resists the action; You fight against someone or hit a book against a table. "Del'' is an alternative, at least dialectically; "Fight to him" or "Hit book to table" but it's a weaker contrast and can lead to ambiguity; "I raced north against you" using "del" rather than "nér" could also mean "I raced northwards to you". | <!-- Sentence --> | ||
| colspan="8"| "''Té di cu léníma.'" | |||
Nédén is something facing another thing, especially from opposite a threshold. It's more complex in terms of when it is used, but is also rare. | |- | ||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | |||
====Cóbh, Cébh & Cur==== | | colspan="8"| /te dɪ kʊ le'nim'a/ | ||
|- | |||
Relatively self-explanitory. May expand on the difference [of lack there of] between time/place but it seems pretty well congruent to English. | <!-- Morphemes--> | ||
|<small>té</small> | |||
|<small>di</small> | |||
|<small>cu</small> | |||
|<small>léním-</small> | |||
|<small>-a</small> | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Gloss--> | |||
|<small>Is</small> | |||
|<small>1S</small> | |||
|<small>in</small> | |||
|<small>idiot-</small> | |||
|<small>-pl</small> | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Translations --> | |||
| colspan="8"| "''I'm surrounded by idiots!" | |||
|} | |||
=====Nédén & Nér===== | |||
Fairly different but have an similar inherent contrast to them. | |||
''Nér'' is used in the sense of something which resists the action; You fight against someone or hit a book against a table. "Del'' is an alternative, at least dialectically; "Fight to him" or "Hit book to table" but it's a weaker contrast and can lead to ambiguity; "I raced north against you" using "del" rather than "nér" could also mean "I raced northwards to you". | |||
Nédén is something facing another thing, especially from opposite a threshold. It's more complex in terms of when it is used, but is also rare. | |||
====Cóbh, Cébh & Cur==== | |||
Relatively self-explanitory. May expand on the difference [of lack there of] between time/place but it seems pretty well congruent to English. | |||
''Cóbh'' may be used to mean before or until, which one it is depends entirely on whether the verb is progressive. A non-progressive verb simples means "I did it before", progressive means "I was doing it until...". | ''Cóbh'' may be used to mean before or until, which one it is depends entirely on whether the verb is progressive. A non-progressive verb simples means "I did it before", progressive means "I was doing it until...". | ||
Line 2,237: | Line 2,252: | ||
|} | |} | ||
= | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" | ||
|+Naming Dictionary | |||
|- | |||
! Fén Name !! Origin !! Additional Notes !! Alternatve Forms/Diminuitive | |||
|- | |||
| Donil || Uncertain: "From On High" or "Strong Sword" || Neut, usually Masc. || Doníg | |||
|- | |||
| Paruc || Shortened from Parichuc, "Hound Keeper" || Neut, usually Masc. || Paríg | |||
|- | |||
| Bénagén || "Friend of Génibh" || Neut. || Géníg | |||
|- | |||
| Bénalút || "Friend of Félut" || Neut. || Lútíg | |||
|- | |||
| Bémhed || "Great Will" || Neut. || Bemhíg | |||
|- | |||
| Conímhoc || "Strong Word" || Neut || Coním, Coníg | |||
|- | |||
| Bémhoc || "Good Word" || Neut, Southern Mostly || Bémhíg | |||
|- | |||
| Lúdhícím || "Old Dream" || Neut, Northern and Highlands || Dícíg | |||
|- | |||
| Fínog || "Ash Son" || Masc. Rare example of Infixing in Fén || Fíníg | |||
|- | |||
| Ógilín || "Striving Son" or "Son of Strife" || Masc. || Ógíg | |||
|- | |||
| Pénil || "Dark Height" or "Black sword" || Neut|| Péníg | |||
|- | |||
| Bachéd || "Red Sky" || Neut, usually Fem || Bachíg | |||
|- | |||
| Meghécír || "Hopeful Song" || Neut || Meghécíg, Meghíg | |||
|- | |||
| Nímhul || "High Fate" || Neut || Nímhíg, Níg | |||
|- | |||
| Mochél || "Sharp Word" || Neut, usually Masc, "Poet" || Mochíg | |||
|- | |||
| Enerat || "Quiet [One]" || Neut || Eníg | |||
|- | |||
| Bacherel || "Red Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Bachíg, Baníg | |||
|- | |||
| Féréch || "Light/Fair Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Féríg | |||
|- | |||
| Pécherel || "Dark Hair" || Neut, Common Nickname || Pélíg | |||
|- | |||
| Lechín || "Sad Birth" || Neut, nickname for Orphans || Lígín | |||
|- | |||
| Fírér || "Swift Eye" || Neut || Fíríg | |||
|- | |||
| Gídhén || "Smith" || Usually Masc || Gídhíg | |||
|- | |||
| Échún || "One choice" || Neut || Échíg | |||
|- | |||
| Pélédún || "Daughter of Twilight" || Fem, rare Pélédín male form || Pélíg | |||
|- | |||
| Ditén || Lone One, After River || Neut, Southern || Ditíg | |||
|- | |||
| Béghénár || Great Genibh's Journey, After River || Neut || Béghíg | |||
|- | |||
| Letún || Sad Daughter, After River || Fem. || Létíg | |||
|- | |||
| Géfín || Weeping Son, After River || Masc. || Géfíg | |||
|- | |||
| Lúbhal || "Many Homes" || Neut || Lúbhíg | |||
|- | |||
| Medharuc || "Keeper of Hopes" || Neut, alternate Form "Megharuc" || Medhar, Meghar, Medhíg | |||
|- | |||
| Rúlán || "Starlike Gem" || Neut, Another rare example of infixing || Rúlíg [Little Star] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Cédighar || "Keeper of Cédil" || Neut || Cédhigh, Cédíg | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Férédhém || "Firey Path" || Neut || Férédh, Féríg | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category: | ===See also=== | ||
*[[Fén Ghír/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Galavic]] | [[Category:Galavic]] | ||
[[Category:Fén Ghír]] | [[Category:Fén Ghír]] | ||
[[Category:Zewani-Western languages]] | |||
[[Category:Pseudo-Celtic]] |