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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = Spocian | |name = Spocian | ||
|nativename | |nativename = xtʾesčʾ spocʾyuƛwa | ||
|pronunciation = | |pronunciation = ˈxt'ɛʃtʃ' ʃpɔˈts'jutɬ'wa | ||
|region = Northern Védren | |region = Northern Védren | ||
|ethnicity = Spocians | |ethnicity = Spocians | ||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
|date = 2312 | |date = 2312 | ||
|setting = [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]] | |setting = [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]] | ||
|familycolor = | |familycolor = Na-Dené | ||
|fam1 = Oƛ-Yeshan languages | |fam1 = Oƛ-Yeshan languages | ||
|fam2 = Sands' languages | |fam2 = Sands' languages | ||
|fam3 = Otlic | |fam3 = Otlic | ||
|fam4 = Old Spocian | |fam4 = Old Spocian | ||
|creator = | |creator = User:Lili21 | ||
|created = Oct 2017 | |created = Oct 2017 | ||
| | |scripts = Spocian script | ||
|nation = Spocius, many others | |nation = Spocius, many others | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Spocian''' (natively '''xtʾesčʾ spocʾyuƛwa''' [ˈxt'ɛʃtʃ' ʃpɔˈts'jutɬ'wa] or just '''spocʾyuƛwa''') is a Oƛ-Yeshan language spoken on the planet of [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]] (in Spocian ''Cʾyuweƛiłpʾeɂ'' [ts'juwetɬ'iɬˈp'ɛʔ], literally "every land" or "all the lands"), in the northern and northwestern part of the continent of Védren. The native language of most people in the country of '''Spocius''' (in Spocian ''Spocʾyuł'' [ʃpots'ˈjuɬ]), a lingua franca across northern and western Védren, and an important language in the Łoxvicʾay religion, it is the third most spoken language on the planet when counting both native and L2 speakers (about 630 million, after [[Chlouvānem]] and [[Cerian]]), and the fifth most spoken if counting only native speakers (about 200 million, after those two as well as [[Nordulaki]] and [[Skyrdagor]]). | '''Spocian''' (natively '''xtʾesčʾ spocʾyuƛwa''' [ˈxt'ɛʃtʃ' ʃpɔˈts'jutɬ'wa] or just '''spocʾyuƛwa''') is a Oƛ-Yeshan language spoken on the planet of [[Verse:Calémere|Calémere]] (in Spocian ''Cʾyuweƛiłpʾeɂ'' [ts'juwetɬ'iɬˈp'ɛʔ], literally "every land" or "all the lands"), in the northern and northwestern part of the continent of Védren. The native language of most people in the country of '''Spocius''' (in Spocian ''Spocʾyuł'' [ʃpots'ˈjuɬ]), a lingua franca across northern and western Védren, and an important language in the Łoxvicʾay religion, it is the third most spoken language on the planet when counting both native and L2 speakers (about 630 million, after [[Chlouvānem]] and [[Cerian]]), and the fifth most spoken if counting only native speakers (about 200 million, after those two as well as [[Nordulaki]] and [[Skyrdagor]]). | ||
With Spocian people (sg. ''Spocʾyuƛip''', pl. ''Spocʾyuƛepʾi'' [ʃpɔts'juˈtɬ'ip'], [-ˈtɬ'ep'i]; in literature also (pl.) ''xviicʾ spocʾyuƛwa'') being the only Oƛ-Yeshan speaking community that founded states before Evandorian colonization, Spocian is the only Oƛ-Yeshan language to have a long written and literary history, and the literary language typically used by speakers of the Sandy branch (to which Spocian also belongs) of the Oƛ-Yeshan family. Spocian is also one of only two native Védrenian languages which were already written before contact with either the Evandorians or the Chlouvānem, Chodwaeng being the other one. | With Spocian people (sg. ''Spocʾyuƛip''', pl. ''Spocʾyuƛepʾi'' [ʃpɔts'juˈtɬ'ip'], [-ˈtɬ'ep'i]; in literature also (pl.) ''xviicʾ spocʾyuƛwa'') being the only Oƛ-Yeshan speaking community that founded states before Evandorian colonization, Spocian is the only Oƛ-Yeshan language to have a long written and literary history, and the literary language typically used by speakers of the Sandy branch (to which Spocian also belongs) of the Oƛ-Yeshan family. Spocian is also one of only two native Védrenian languages which were already written before contact with either the Evandorians or the Chlouvānem, Chodwaeng being the other one. The exonym ''Spocius'' is [[Íscégon]] (actually ''Spócius'', with a long vowel), whence derives its Cerian name ''Suóčusu''. Chlouvānem call it ''Ṣpatsyūla'', another adaptation of the Spocian endonym. | ||
Spocian grammar is agglutinating, characterized by heavily inflected verbs and almost uninflected nouns (only a small set of nouns is marked for plural, but these are mostly irregular - c.f. ''waƛiłupʾ'' "land" vs. ''weƛiłpʾeɂ'' "lands"). Its phonology features a large number of contrasting plain and ejective stops and affricates. | Spocian grammar is agglutinating, characterized by heavily inflected verbs and almost uninflected nouns (only a small set of nouns is marked for plural, but these are mostly irregular - c.f. ''waƛiłupʾ'' "land" vs. ''weƛiłpʾeɂ'' "lands"). Its phonology features a large number of contrasting plain and ejective stops and affricates. | ||
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The ''prospective'' aspect is marked by ''-ôƛ-'': ''môƛbac'', ''gôƛbac'', ''ôƛbac'', ''ôƛbact'', ''môƛbacłi'', ''gemôƛbacłi'', ''gôƛbacłi'', ''ôƛbacł''. | The ''prospective'' aspect is marked by ''-ôƛ-'': ''môƛbac'', ''gôƛbac'', ''ôƛbac'', ''ôƛbact'', ''môƛbacłi'', ''gemôƛbacłi'', ''gôƛbacłi'', ''ôƛbacł''. | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
Spocian nouns are only inflected by means of three suffixes that show, respectively, direct objects (i.e. accusative), indirect objects (i.e. dative), and possessors (i.e. genitive). The "accusative" suffix is '''-(u)t''', the "dative" is '''-mi''', and the "genitive" is '''-(a)l''': | |||
: ''qvʾac'' "house" | |||
: ''mnas qvʾact'' "I build a house" | |||
: ''gemôƛdzełi qvʾacmi'' "we're going to leave it at home (lit. "to the house")" | |||
: ''gineqʾ qvʾacal'' "the garden of the house" | |||
Note that Spocian has [[w:Suffixaufnahme|Suffixaufnahme]]: | |||
: ''mnas qvʾact młôdzbalt'' "I build my sister's house" | |||
: ''gemôƛdzełi gineqʾmi qvʾacalmi'' "we're going to leave it in the house's garden". | |||
Nouns possessed by pronominal subjects are marked by the same markers used for verbal non-past subjects (but note 3/4SG ''as(i)-'' and plural ''-łi-'' before the stem), i.e.: | |||
: ''mar'' "mother" | |||
: ''momar'' "my mother" | |||
: ''gmar'' "your (sg.) mother" | |||
: ''asmar'' "his/her mother" | |||
: ''mołimar'' "our (excl.) mother" | |||
: ''gmołimar'' "our (incl.) mother" | |||
: ''gełimar ''your (pl.) mother" | |||
: ''asiłimar'' "their mother" | |||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||