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Swuntsim: Difference between revisions
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'''Swuntsim''' (''SWUN-tsim''; natively ''təSfətsiv'' /təˈsfətsiv/) is a modern Tsimulh language | '''Swuntsim''' (''SWUN-tsim''; natively ''təSfətsiv'' /təˈsfətsiv/) is a modern Tsimulh language. It is the traditional vernacular language of the Swuntsim diaspora in [[Verse:Tricin/Talma|Talma]] and [[Verse:Tricin/Fyxoom|Fyxoom]]. It is unrelated to the Talmic and Lakovic languages that are spoken in Talma. | ||
It is inspired by Lushootseed and Welsh. | |||
Some typological characteristics: | Some typological characteristics: | ||
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*It is pro-drop. | *It is pro-drop. | ||
*Head-directionality is mixed. | *Head-directionality is mixed. | ||
*It has a simple grammatical gender system of animate-inanimate, but the much more complex Proto-Tsimulh noun class system has vestiges in noun pluralization | *It has a simple grammatical gender system of animate-inanimate, but the much more complex Proto-Tsimulh noun class system has vestiges in noun pluralization. | ||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Modern Swuntsim has lost the Proto-Tsimulh noun class system | Modern Swuntsim has lost the Proto-Tsimulh noun class system. Pronouns and verbs only agree in animacy and number. | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
The genitive is marked with ''-s'', but ''-əs'' after coronal fricatives: ''stsaσ'' 'a forest or similar collection' > ''stsaσəs'' 'of a forest'. It's a clitic, not a suffix. | The genitive is marked with ''-s'', but ''-əs'' after coronal fricatives: ''stsaσ'' 'a forest or similar collection' > ''stsaσəs'' 'of a forest'. It's a clitic, not a suffix. | ||
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===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
*'' | *''o'' = I | ||
*''fo'' = you (sg) | *''fo'' = you (sg) | ||
*''ot'' = we | *''ot'' = we | ||
*''tsü'' = you (pl) | *''tsü'' = you (pl) | ||
====Possessive pronouns==== | ====Possessive pronouns==== | ||
* | *1sg o- | ||
*2sg fo- | *2sg fo- | ||
*1pl gwə- | *1pl gwə- | ||
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Swuntsim has a class of adjectives (different from verbs): | Swuntsim has a class of adjectives (different from verbs): | ||
*Predicative: ''pəwayts | *Predicative: ''pəwayts go cütsi'' 'the tree is firm' | ||
*Attributive: | *Attributive: | ||
**''tjvits sj-cütsi'' 'firm house' | **''tjvits sj-cütsi'' 'firm house' | ||
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*''dha'o!'' = meet! (sg) | *''dha'o!'' = meet! (sg) | ||
*'' | *'''''tsf'''dha'o!'' = meet! (pl) | ||
====Voice==== | ====Voice==== | ||
Voices: | Voices: | ||
*active | *active: 0- | ||
*mediopassive: ''tσə-'' | *mediopassive: ''tσə-'' | ||
*applicative: ''gwiσ-'' | *applicative: ''gwiσ-'' | ||
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:''He does not speak Swuntsim.'' | :''He does not speak Swuntsim.'' | ||
*The copula is '' | *The copula is ''go'' (inflected for tense). | ||
*The relativizer is ''i'' | *The relativizer is ''i'' (from an interrogative ''*yi'') | ||
* | *The complementizer is ''ti''. | ||
Adpositions consist of approximately equal number of prepositions and postpositions. | Adpositions consist of approximately equal number of prepositions and postpositions. | ||
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The constituent order is genitive-noun, noun-adjective, and noun-relative clause. | The constituent order is genitive-noun, noun-adjective, and noun-relative clause. | ||
AdjN: | |||
:'' | :''sjgwətjes zde'' | ||
: | :sj-gwətje-s s-de | ||
: | :SG.INAN-red-ATTR SG-flower | ||
:' | : 'red flower' | ||
NGen: | |||
:'' | :''tjway əd cwə'əmams'' | ||
: | :tj-way əd cwə-ʔəmam-s | ||
:SG- | :SG-name SG-of 1SG-mother-GEN | ||
: ' | :'my mother's name' | ||
NRel: | NRel: | ||
:''ətotj i agwiσcwəv'oəch tocadh'' | :'''''ətotj i agwiσcwəv'oəch tocadh va tfiwi'odh fi zdowe.''''' | ||
:ə-totj i a-gwiσ-cwə-v-ʔoəch tocadh | |||
:ə-totj i a-gwiσ-cwə-v-ʔoəch | :SG-man REL 3SG.CL1-APPL-1SG-PAST-appoint yesterday COP.PST beautiful and kind | ||
:SG-man REL 3SG.CL1-APPL-1SG-PAST-appoint yesterday | :''The man I went out with yesterday was handsome and nice.'' | ||
:' | |||
VComp: | |||
:'''''Cwəchsla' tə ti fəv'oəch s'a'adh ətotj tocadh.''''' | |||
:cwə-ch-sla' tə ti fə-v-'oəch s'a'adh ətotj tocadh | |||
:1SG-PRES-know ACC COMP 2SG-PAST-appoint SG-man yesterday | |||
:''I know that you went out with the man yesterday.'' | |||
Some adpositions must be used with thw genitive case. | |||
*''ef'' = in | *''ef'' (+ gen.) = in | ||
*''tə'' = accusative | *''tə'' (+ nom.) = accusative | ||
==="Have" construction=== | ==="Have" construction=== | ||
Swuntsim has no verb for "have"; instead the word ''djec'' 'with' is used. | Swuntsim has no verb for "have"; instead the word ''djec'' 'with' is used. | ||
:''co djec | :''co djec go tjvits'' | ||
:1SG with COP SG-house | :1SG with COP SG-house | ||
:"I have a house" | :"I have a house" | ||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
Swuntsim has many loanwords from Anbirese, Windermere, Eevo and other Talman languages. | |||
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Tsimulh languages]] | [[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Tsimulh languages]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]][[Category:Agglutinative languages]] | |||