Swuntsim: Difference between revisions

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:[[Talman Swutsim/Lexicon]]
:[[Swuntsim/Lexicon]]
:[[Sacred Swutsim/Swadesh list|Swutsim Swadesh list]]
'''Swuntsim''' (''SWUN-tsim''; natively ''Swəntsiv'' /ˈswəntsiv/, originally an exonym) is a language inspired by Lushootseed and Welsh.


{{Infobox language
Some typological characteristics:
|image =
*It is an agglutinative SVO language with a moderately complex verb system.
|imagesize =
*It is pro-drop.
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
*Head-directionality is mixed, but unusual in that it is SVO and RelN.
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
*It has a simple grammatical gender system of animate-inanimate, but the much more complex Proto-Tsimulh noun class system has vestiges in noun pluralization.
|nativename = təSfətsiv
|pronunciation=  /təˈsfətsiv/
|setting=[[Verse:Tricin]]
|region =
|fam1=[[Tsimulh languages|Tsimulh]]
|familycolor=tsn
|script=Windermere script
|notice=IPA
}}


'''Talman Swutsim''' (natively ''təSfətsiv'' /təˈsfətsiv/) is a modern Tsimulh language. It is the traditional vernacular language of the Swutsim diaspora in Talma and Fyxoom, descending from [[Sacred Swutsim]].
"Simplified/partly creolized non-Standard Average Talman grammar"
 
SVO and RelN/AdjN~NAdj/GenN~NGen, kinda like Chinese


It's inspired by Lushootseed and Welsh.
==Todo==
==Todo==
pluralization - mess it up
*''-cütsi'' (8, various; pl) = 'hard, firm'
 
**''Scütsi'' (4, collectives and augmentatives) = personal name, meaning 'patient, enduring'
*''utcütsi'' (5, solid, compact things) or ''cütsi'' (8, various; pl) = 'shell'
**''Scütsi'' (4, collectives and augmentatives), of [[Verse:Tricin/Rewhd Sgutsis|Sgutsis]] fame = personal name, meaning 'patient, enduring'
*''tjway'' (7, places, slots, assignments) = 'name' (a name is an assignment)
*''tjway'' (7, places, slots, assignments) = 'name' (a name is an assignment)
*''Yəy, yo fətjway?'' = Hello, what's your name?
*''Yəy, yo fətjway?'' = Hello, what's your name?
*''Cətjway...'' = My name is...
*''Cətjway...'' = My name is...
*''Tidhamo!'' = See you!
*''Tidhavo!'' = See you!
 
*''ξəp'' (7) = world
Initial ʔ conflated with null initial (because Talman langs don't make the distinction)
*''ti-vayəξoe-σ'' = progressive
*Initial ʔ conflated with null initial (because Talman langs don't make the distinction)
*assimilation of cw, gw to c, g in syllables before c, g e.g. Ücwəgüsvaσ > Ücəgüsvaσ
*''i'ist'' = a name?


Some clusters such as t+s are broken up to təs.
Some clusters such as t+s are broken up to təs.


Prefix sandhi rules
Prefix sandhi rules
ladhfadh tidha'üs dhacwitj atsavochwe abchidf
==Swuntsim gib==
Ti'ə dhi'ə atsiσtovif o ti'iσ tühacw zichvidh tjəσ. Go tüasσaσe o tüdhi sfavats. Dhiσəf tü'üchw. Tüσaσe. Go tσüfi'fi'. Go dhiσ tədhəfüchs ogwə'. Go tüσaσe ogwə'.
Go avsvədhvədha' ogwə'. Avsvədhvədha' ogwə'. Go ti'e iσütσ vədha's ogwə' go əscupcup. Əscupcup. Fi gwədjəsədhəs gwədhəfü'ibəsjəs. Go dhay ti'ə tjotjosəs.
Tüasσaσe ti'ə yoyoavs 'o tüdhi' cif sfavats o ti'ə pədhhədhəv. Go ətəse. Go oe ti'iσ tσüsce ə ti'ə dhi'ə suaf, ti'ə di'ə tσfay'. tu'a go əsjavoicw ogwə' ə ti'iσ voəsuadhf i tə viatsəs süfifis ogwə'.
Go oeəf ti sətjites fə'o cwi sətəses. Go σü'ətσaf ogwə'. Σüvəvocwaf ogwə' fə'o ti'ə dhi'ə tjit σcütsidh ə ti'ə dhi'ə sə'eütsidh ə Fcov. A cwədhi' təsəsσaσes əgwə. Tu'a go, go ətσtfaf ogwə' ti'ə stavs ogwə' o ti'ə dhadhatü.
Tu'a go tsüttəvəf 'ə təsi'ə' dhi'ə sσadhəy ti'ə vədha'əs əscupcup. Ütsüütsəf. "Dhəfuüs sif ti'ə dhvədha'. Go chu tsədhiσ cwi səschwacw. Go fi' gwəsəshayfs gwəchəσəσəs chətj ti'ə vədha's. Chuəf ogwə' ü'ətσ. Ucwitsf ogwə' tə stavs ogwə' savgwasəs ogwə'.
Tu'a go hüyütsütəf ti'ə dhi'ə tsədhiσ vədha's ogwə' əscupcup. Cwədhadhəf ti'ə dhətjü' sitsəvs i ti'ə sca'sjədhs. Tu'a go tüzace. Dhiσ dhay sühüs ti süzaces. Go zəceəf fə'o ti'ə tactavats, ti stactavats stütoəf. Go titjiv ftactütsidh. Titjivəf. Go əschətσədh ti'ə sitsəvs. Go σoe ftactütsidh go zace ftact. Zəce ftact go σtje fə'o ti'ə 'əsgwigwoc. Go tichidh ti'ə sitsəvs üσəcw. Go atsəts o ti'iσ. Go σache. Go cov.
ceəf ti'ə yoyoavs. Tüsas'avgwas. Go fi'oüsvitəvəf go gwətjtəvaf. Cwədhtəvaf ftjadh cwi süchwəs, ftjadh cwi süchwəs. Ücwətəvaf gücwitəs. Go gwətəva'. Go gwəpəcw o ti stuəf. Tu'a go atsəts. Fi'əf gwəso'uüs ogwə'. Chuəf ogwə' ügwətjəv. Go chwi gwədhəchcwəfs ogwə' o ti'iσ dhəfüfs.


==Numbers==
==Numbers==
Talman Swutsim has a set of base 10 numerals inherited from Sacred Swutsim. Unlike in Sacred Swutsim, however, base 12 is usually used.
Talman Swuntsim has a set of base 10 numerals inherited from Sacred Swuntsim. Unlike in Sacred Swuntsim, however, base 12 is usually used.


Numbers inflect for animacy, but only the first word in the whole numeral inflects: Number words beginning with ''sjüv'' '1' inflect that word. Number words beginning with a number word other than 1 use ''ts-'' for animates. For example:
Numbers inflect for animacy, but only the first word in the whole numeral inflects: Number words beginning with ''sjü'' '1' inflect that word. Number words beginning with a number word other than 1 use ''ts-'' for animates. For example:
*''tsfisj'' 'two people'
*''tsfisj'' 'two people'
*''av bo sjdüch əσü'' '13 women' (Note singular for 'woman'.)
*''a vo sdüch əσü'' '13 women' (Note singular form ''əσü'' is used for 'woman', not the plural ''tsəσü''.)
*''fisj bo fisj sjdüch biway'' '26 names'
*''fisj vo fisdüch əvay'' '26 names'


The numbers:
The numbers:
0 ξəp
0 ξoi
1 av (an.), sjüv (inan; default)
1 a (an.), sjü (inan; default)
2 fisj
2 fisj
3 iyəv
3 iyəv
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5 tu
5 tu
6 tjayəzj
6 tjayəzj
7 butjo
7 vutjo
8 gwivə
8 gwivə
9 aay
9 aay
10 cwidh
10 cwidh
11 səyeu
11 sjüv əσ cwidh
12 sjdüch < șrüch
12 fisj əσ cwidh
13 güdh bo sjdüch
20 fiscwidh
14 fisj bo sjdüch
30 iyəvcwidh
24 fisjdüch
100. pridh
36 iyəvdüch
144. cme < cmen


==Diachronical sketch==
==Diachronical sketch==
Line 75: Line 83:
*''ʔC'' > ''C:'' (geminate)
*''ʔC'' > ''C:'' (geminate)
*/ʔb ʔd/ > /b d/
*/ʔb ʔd/ > /b d/
*Usacsj əsocwəv əzəpətj of tüdjo = the living fish swims in water
*Usacsj əsocwəv əzəpətj ef tüdjo = the living fish swims in water
*''əmam'' = mother; ''əpap'' = father
*''əmam'' = mother; ''əpap'' = father
*''tüdjo'' = water
*''tüdjo'' = water
Line 83: Line 91:


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Talman Swutsim is usually written in the Windermere script. Words from Sacred Swutsim are written in the original Swutsim orthography.
Talman Swuntsim is usually written in the Windermere script. Words from Sacred Swuntsim are written in the original Swuntsim orthography.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Like many Tsimulh languages, Sfətsiv has no liquids in native words. However, liquids occur in loaned vocabulary from Windermere and Clofabic.
Like many Tsimulh languages, Swuntsim has no liquids in most native words. However, liquids can occur in loaned vocabulary.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
Line 121: Line 129:
| '''cw''' kʷ
| '''cw''' kʷ
|  
|  
| '''ʔ''' ʔ
| ''' ' ''' ʔ
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
Line 144: Line 152:
!<small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' v
| '''v''' v
| '''dh''' ð<br/> '''z''' z ||  
| '''dh''' ð <br/> '''z''' z ||  
| '''zj''' ʒ
| '''zj''' ʒ
|  
|  
Line 182: Line 190:
'''r, l, m, n, ŋ''' are mainly used in loanwords. '''m''' is found in a limited number of native words.
'''r, l, m, n, ŋ''' are mainly used in loanwords. '''m''' is found in a limited number of native words.


Geminates are allowed and are rendered by doubling (for digraphs, doubling the first consonant)
Geminates are allowed and are rendered by doubling (for digraphs, doubling the first consonant).


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Line 188: Line 196:


===Stress===
===Stress===
Stress is always penultimate.
Stress is not fixed, but will always fall on one of the two last syllables.


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Modern Sfətsiv has lost the Proto-Tsimulh noun class system, which was still active in Sacred Sfətsiv. Pronouns and verbs only agree in animacy and number.
===Nouns===
The genitive is marked with ''-s'', but ''-əs'' after coronal fricatives: ''stsaσ'' 'a forest or similar collection' > ''stsaσəs'' 'of a forest'. It's a clitic, not a suffix.
''-s-'' is often inserted between nouns in compounds.
Nouns with unmarked plurals and marked singulars are common. The singulative is marked with ''gü-'' in this case.
Original noun class prefixes:
#ʔə-, pl. cə-/c-
#bu-, pl. də-/d-
#p-, pl. əpi-/əp-
#s-, pl. dus-
#ut-, pl. pσə-/pσ-
#va-/və-, pl. əwə-/u-
#k-/tj-, pl. abi-/əb-
#sju-, pl. N-
#σi-/σ-, pl. wi-
#ti-/t-, no plural
#ti-, no plural
#pda-/pdə- (common for abstract nouns), no plural
Expected noun class affixes:
#ə-/0-, pl. tsə- = humans, spirits
#bü-, pl. də-/0- = animals and other things that move on their own
#p-, pl. əpi-/əp- = plants and mushrooms; things that grow
#s-, pl. düs- = collections or large things
#üt-, pl. pσə-/pσ- = roughly round, compact objects
#va-/v-/0-, pl. ü- = long objects; tools, instruments, devices
#tj-/k-, pl. bi-/əp- = places, locations, slots
#sjü-, pl. 0- or dh- = various... including fluids (powder, water, liquids, fire, light, waves, wind, ...)
#σi-, pl. gwi- = time periods; events; things that are temporary (e.g. ice)
#t-, ti- = abstractions, manner, way, infinitives, verbal nouns (Class 10+11)
#pda- = -ness, -hood (Class 12)
There are more patterns, however, like 0- and dü- (analogy of ''s-, düs-'')
===Pronouns===
*''co'' = I
*''tsu'' = you (sg and pl)
*''ot'' = we
====Possessive pronouns====
===Determiners===
TODO: Separate forms for mass nouns
*every, all: ''tsəcwach'' 'everyone, every (for animates)'; ''wəcwach'' 'all things (for inanimates)'; ''cwach'' 'everything; all (mass nouns)'
*many: ''tsəzab'' 'many people'; ''wəzab'' 'many things'; ''zab'' 'much (mass nouns)'
*few: ''tsəduu'' 'few people'; ''wəduu'' 'few things'; ''duu'' 'few (mass nouns)'
*other: ''əchasj'' 'another person'; ''tsəchasj'' 'other people'; ''chasj'' 'other things'
===Verbs===
The infinitive affix is ''t-'' for verb stems beginning with a vowel and ''ti-'' for verb stems beginning with a consonant.
====Concord====
The animate subject affix is ''ə-'' in the singular and ''tsə-'' in the plural. Verbs with inanimate subjects do not have any subject affix.
Personal affixes:
*1sg ''cwə-''
*2sg ''tsü-''
*1pl ''gwə-''
*2pl ''tsü-''
====Tense====
Swutsim has four tenses: present, recent past, remote past, and future. The auxiliary ''-tje'' is used for the future.
*''cwə-dhabo'' 'i meet'
*''σə-cwə-dhabo'' 'i do not meet'
*''cwə-b-dhabo'' 'i met'
*''cwə-ya-dhabo'' 'i did not meet'
*''wa-cwə-dhabo'' 'i met (remote)'
*''σwa-cwə-dhabo'' 'i did not meet (remote)'
*''tsüdhabo'' 'you (sg or pl) meet'
etc.
*''cwətje tidhabo'' = I will meet
There is no aspect distinction, as in Hebrew and German.
====Mood====
====Voice====
==Syntax==
Modern Sfətsiv is SVO and pro-drop. The copula is ''o''. Adpositions consist of approximately equal number of prepositions and postpositions.
The constituent order is:
*GenN: ''cwəʔəmams tjway'' 'my mother's name'
*NAdj:
*NRel:
Adpositions include:
*''ef'' = in
==Vocabulary==
Much of the vocabulary is native and inherited from Sacred Swutsim - but there are a lot of reborrowings from Sacred Swutsim. There are also loanwords from Amphirese, Rhythoed, and other Talman languages.


[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Tsimulh languages]]
==Constructions==

Latest revision as of 17:46, 3 May 2023

Swuntsim/Lexicon

Swuntsim (SWUN-tsim; natively Swəntsiv /ˈswəntsiv/, originally an exonym) is a language inspired by Lushootseed and Welsh.

Some typological characteristics:

  • It is an agglutinative SVO language with a moderately complex verb system.
  • It is pro-drop.
  • Head-directionality is mixed, but unusual in that it is SVO and RelN.
  • It has a simple grammatical gender system of animate-inanimate, but the much more complex Proto-Tsimulh noun class system has vestiges in noun pluralization.

"Simplified/partly creolized non-Standard Average Talman grammar"

SVO and RelN/AdjN~NAdj/GenN~NGen, kinda like Chinese

Todo

  • -cütsi (8, various; pl) = 'hard, firm'
    • Scütsi (4, collectives and augmentatives) = personal name, meaning 'patient, enduring'
  • tjway (7, places, slots, assignments) = 'name' (a name is an assignment)
  • Yəy, yo fətjway? = Hello, what's your name?
  • Cətjway... = My name is...
  • Tidhavo! = See you!
  • ξəp (7) = world
  • ti-vayəξoe-σ = progressive
  • Initial ʔ conflated with null initial (because Talman langs don't make the distinction)
  • assimilation of cw, gw to c, g in syllables before c, g e.g. Ücwəgüsvaσ > Ücəgüsvaσ
  • i'ist = a name?

Some clusters such as t+s are broken up to təs.

Prefix sandhi rules

ladhfadh tidha'üs dhacwitj atsavochwe abchidf

Swuntsim gib

Ti'ə dhi'ə atsiσtovif o ti'iσ tühacw zichvidh tjəσ. Go tüasσaσe o tüdhi sfavats. Dhiσəf tü'üchw. Tüσaσe. Go tσüfi'fi'. Go dhiσ tədhəfüchs ogwə'. Go tüσaσe ogwə'.

Go avsvədhvədha' ogwə'. Avsvədhvədha' ogwə'. Go ti'e iσütσ vədha's ogwə' go əscupcup. Əscupcup. Fi gwədjəsədhəs gwədhəfü'ibəsjəs. Go dhay ti'ə tjotjosəs.

Tüasσaσe ti'ə yoyoavs 'o tüdhi' cif sfavats o ti'ə pədhhədhəv. Go ətəse. Go oe ti'iσ tσüsce ə ti'ə dhi'ə suaf, ti'ə di'ə tσfay'. tu'a go əsjavoicw ogwə' ə ti'iσ voəsuadhf i tə viatsəs süfifis ogwə'.

Go oeəf ti sətjites fə'o cwi sətəses. Go σü'ətσaf ogwə'. Σüvəvocwaf ogwə' fə'o ti'ə dhi'ə tjit σcütsidh ə ti'ə dhi'ə sə'eütsidh ə Fcov. A cwədhi' təsəsσaσes əgwə. Tu'a go, go ətσtfaf ogwə' ti'ə stavs ogwə' o ti'ə dhadhatü.

Tu'a go tsüttəvəf 'ə təsi'ə' dhi'ə sσadhəy ti'ə vədha'əs əscupcup. Ütsüütsəf. "Dhəfuüs sif ti'ə dhvədha'. Go chu tsədhiσ cwi səschwacw. Go fi' gwəsəshayfs gwəchəσəσəs chətj ti'ə vədha's. Chuəf ogwə' ü'ətσ. Ucwitsf ogwə' tə stavs ogwə' savgwasəs ogwə'.

Tu'a go hüyütsütəf ti'ə dhi'ə tsədhiσ vədha's ogwə' əscupcup. Cwədhadhəf ti'ə dhətjü' sitsəvs i ti'ə sca'sjədhs. Tu'a go tüzace. Dhiσ dhay sühüs ti süzaces. Go zəceəf fə'o ti'ə tactavats, ti stactavats stütoəf. Go titjiv ftactütsidh. Titjivəf. Go əschətσədh ti'ə sitsəvs. Go σoe ftactütsidh go zace ftact. Zəce ftact go σtje fə'o ti'ə 'əsgwigwoc. Go tichidh ti'ə sitsəvs üσəcw. Go atsəts o ti'iσ. Go σache. Go cov.

ceəf ti'ə yoyoavs. Tüsas'avgwas. Go fi'oüsvitəvəf go gwətjtəvaf. Cwədhtəvaf ftjadh cwi süchwəs, ftjadh cwi süchwəs. Ücwətəvaf gücwitəs. Go gwətəva'. Go gwəpəcw o ti stuəf. Tu'a go atsəts. Fi'əf gwəso'uüs ogwə'. Chuəf ogwə' ügwətjəv. Go chwi gwədhəchcwəfs ogwə' o ti'iσ dhəfüfs.

Numbers

Talman Swuntsim has a set of base 10 numerals inherited from Sacred Swuntsim. Unlike in Sacred Swuntsim, however, base 12 is usually used.

Numbers inflect for animacy, but only the first word in the whole numeral inflects: Number words beginning with sjü '1' inflect that word. Number words beginning with a number word other than 1 use ts- for animates. For example:

  • tsfisj 'two people'
  • a vo sdüch əσü '13 women' (Note singular form əσü is used for 'woman', not the plural tsəσü.)
  • fisj vo fisdüch əvay '26 names'

The numbers: 0 ξoi 1 a (an.), sjü (inan; default) 2 fisj 3 iyəv 4 uzoc 5 tu 6 tjayəzj 7 vutjo 8 gwivə 9 aay 10 cwidh 11 sjüv əσ cwidh 12 fisj əσ cwidh 20 fiscwidh 30 iyəvcwidh 100. pridh

Diachronical sketch

  • m n > v dh
  • sm sn > zv zd
  • b d > b d
  • g > gh > compensatory lengthening

Getting the aesthetic

  • gʷ > w when not word initial.
  • sb sd > zv zd
  • xʷ > f
  • ʔC > C: (geminate)
  • /ʔb ʔd/ > /b d/
  • Usacsj əsocwəv əzəpətj ef tüdjo = the living fish swims in water
  • əmam = mother; əpap = father
  • tüdjo = water
  • tjvic = house
  • üvC > uuC
  • yʔ, wʔ > y, w

Orthography

Talman Swuntsim is usually written in the Windermere script. Words from Sacred Swuntsim are written in the original Swuntsim orthography.

Phonology

Consonants

Like many Tsimulh languages, Swuntsim has no liquids in most native words. However, liquids can occur in loaned vocabulary.

Swuntsim consonants
Labial Dental Palatal Velar Laryngeal Glottal
central lateral plain lab'zed
Nasal m m (n n) (ŋ ŋ)
Stop tenuis p p t t c k cw kʷ ' ʔ
voiced b b d d g g gw gʷ
Fricative voiceless f f s s σ ɬ sj ʃ ch χ chw χʷ h h
voiced v v dh ð
z z		 zj ʒ
Affricate tenuis ts ts ξ tɬ tj tʃ
voiced dj dʒ
Approximant (r r) y j w w (l ɴ̆)

gw, chw become g, ch before rounded vowels /y u o/.

r, l, m, n, ŋ are mainly used in loanwords. m is found in a limited number of native words.

Geminates are allowed and are rendered by doubling (for digraphs, doubling the first consonant).

Vowels

i ü u e ə o a /i ü u e ə o a/

Stress

Stress is not fixed, but will always fall on one of the two last syllables.

Morphology

Constructions

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