Tłkaw: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|image = | |image = | ||
|imagesize = | |imagesize = | ||
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL | |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | ||
|name = | |name = Tłkaw | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= | ||
|setting = [[Verse: | |setting = [[Verse:Hmøøh]] | ||
|region = | |region = East Talma | ||
|speakers= | |speakers= 6 million | ||
|date=13b0dd | |date=13b0dd | ||
|familycolor= | |familycolor= Lakovic | ||
|fam1=[[Lakovic]] | |fam1=[[Lakovic]] | ||
|script= | |script=ǃTłkaw script | ||
|iso3= | |iso3= | ||
|notice=IPA | |notice=IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is a | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''dgē Tłkaw'' /ŋ{{tiebar}}!ɜː kǁaw/; ''dgē'' is related to Naeng ''tnger'' 'voice') is a Lakovic language spoken by the Tłkaw people in Eastern Talma. It's inspired by Hebrew, Nama, Zulu, and !Xóõ. It's in a sprachbund with [[Yacavestub]] and [[Wiobian]]. | ||
!xu||xam!xai | |||
The demonnym ''Tłkaw'' comes from PLak *lakof 'human'. | |||
Clickhmoob relative? | |||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
| Line 34: | Line 32: | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants''' | |||
! colspan="2"| | |||
! | Labial | |||
! | Alveolar | |||
! | Lateral | |||
! | Palatal | |||
! | Velar | |||
! | Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Click | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| colspan="6"| '''pk''' /kʘ/, '''tk''' /k!/, '''tsk''' /kǀ/, '''tłk''' /kǁ/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| colspan="6"| '''bg''' /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, '''dg''' /ŋ!~ɡ!/, '''dsg''' /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, '''dłg''' /ŋǁ~ɡǁ/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''{{ng}}''' /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |Plosive | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''p''' /p/ | |||
| '''t''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''k''' /k/ | |||
| /ʔ-/ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''b''' /b/ | |||
| '''d''' /d/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /ɡ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>implosive</small> | |||
| '''qb''' /ɓ/ | |||
| '''qd''' /ɗ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''qg''' /ɠ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Fricative | |||
| | |||
| '''s''' /s/, '''z''' /z/ | |||
| '''ł''' | |||
| '''š''' /ʃ/, '''ž''' /{{ž}}/ | |||
| '''x''' /x/ | |||
| '''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Affricate | |||
| | |||
| '''ts''' /ts/ | |||
| '''tł''' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Resonant | |||
| '''w''' /w/ | |||
| '''r''' /ɾ/ | |||
| '''l''' /l/ | |||
| '''y''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
a e i o u + diphthongs (PLak a and ā merge by default, except āy > ay, ay > ey) | |||
e i cemtralize after ! | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
| Line 49: | Line 120: | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Should be Hebrew in ways Windermere is not; gender and number agreement on adjectives and verbs | |||
Nouns | Inflectional morphology: | ||
=== Nouns === | |||
* construct state | |||
* Animate nouns form plurals by partial redup | |||
- | === Verbs === | ||
* Present tense bi- (from the agentive) | |||
* Past: r infix participle | |||
* Future and imperative: unmarked form | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
more head-final than Naeng | |||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
| Line 71: | Line 142: | ||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
==Poetry== | |||
Tłkaw should have Welsh style cynghanedd | |||
where there are rules on which syllables have clicks in a poem | |||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | ||
| Line 78: | Line 154: | ||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:55, 14 June 2023
| Tłkaw | |
|---|---|
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Verse:Hmøøh |
| Native speakers | 6 million (13b0dd) |
Lakovic
| |
Tłkaw (dgē Tłkaw /ŋ͡!ɜː kǁaw/; dgē is related to Naeng tnger 'voice') is a Lakovic language spoken by the Tłkaw people in Eastern Talma. It's inspired by Hebrew, Nama, Zulu, and !Xóõ. It's in a sprachbund with Yacavestub and Wiobian.
!xu||xam!xai
The demonnym Tłkaw comes from PLak *lakof 'human'.
Clickhmoob relative?
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Largely phonetic; use ligatures for clicks
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Click | voiceless | pk /kʘ/, tk /k!/, tsk /kǀ/, tłk /kǁ/ | |||||
| voiced | bg /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, dg /ŋ!~ɡ!/, dsg /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, dłg /ŋǁ~ɡǁ/ | ||||||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ŋ /ŋ/ | ||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | /ʔ-/ | ||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /ɡ/ | ||||
| implosive | qb /ɓ/ | qd /ɗ/ | qg /ɠ/ | ||||
| Fricative | s /s/, z /z/ | ł | š /ʃ/, ž /ʒ/ | x /x/ | h /h/ | ||
| Affricate | ts /ts/ | tł | |||||
| Resonant | w /w/ | r /ɾ/ | l /l/ | y /j/ | |||
Vowels
a e i o u + diphthongs (PLak a and ā merge by default, except āy > ay, ay > ey)
e i cemtralize after !
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Should be Hebrew in ways Windermere is not; gender and number agreement on adjectives and verbs
Inflectional morphology:
Nouns
- construct state
- Animate nouns form plurals by partial redup
Verbs
- Present tense bi- (from the agentive)
- Past: r infix participle
- Future and imperative: unmarked form
Syntax
more head-final than Naeng
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example texts
Poetry
Tłkaw should have Welsh style cynghanedd
where there are rules on which syllables have clicks in a poem