Tłkaw: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
 
(84 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is a Quihum language, spoken by !Zoomers. It's a tonal language with clicks and mutations.
<!--


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = Tłkaw
|nativename =
|pronunciation= 
|setting = [[Verse:Hmøøh]]
|region = East Talma
|speakers= 6 million
|date=13b0dd
|familycolor= Lakovic
|fam1=[[Lakovic]]
|script=ǃTłkaw script
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''dgē Tłkaw'' /ŋ{{tiebar}}!ɜː kǁaw/; ''dgē'' is related to Naeng ''tnger'' 'voice') is a Lakovic language spoken by the Tłkaw people in Eastern Talma. It's inspired by Hebrew, Nama, Zulu, and !Xóõ. It's in a sprachbund with [[Yacavestub]] and [[Wiobian]].


I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
!xu||xam!xai
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.


-->
The demonnym ''Tłkaw'' comes from PLak *lakof 'human'.
 
Clickhmoob relative?


==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Line 17: Line 32:


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
A lot of clicks - voicing and/or aspiration is neutralized in post-tonal clicks, however.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} consonants'''
! colspan="2"|
! | Labial
! | Alveolar
! | Lateral
! | Palatal
! | Velar
! | Glottal
|-
! rowspan="2" |Click
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| colspan="6"| '''pk''' /kʘ/, '''tk''' /k!/, '''tsk''' /kǀ/, '''tłk''' /kǁ/
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
| colspan="6"| '''bg''' /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, '''dg''' /ŋ!~ɡ!/, '''dsg''' /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, '''dłg''' /ŋǁ~ɡǁ/
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
|
|
| '''{{ng}}''' /ŋ/
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! | <small>voiceless</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
|
|
| '''k''' /k/
| /ʔ-/
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
|
|
| '''g''' /ɡ/
|
|-
! | <small>implosive</small>
| '''qb''' /ɓ/
| '''qd''' /ɗ/
|
|
| '''qg''' /ɠ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricative
|
| '''s''' /s/, '''z''' /z/
| '''ł'''
| '''š''' /ʃ/, '''ž''' /{{ž}}/
| '''x''' /x/
| '''h''' /h/
|-
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
| '''ts''' /ts/
| '''tł'''
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | Resonant
| '''w''' /w/
| '''r''' /ɾ/
| '''l''' /l/
| '''y''' /j/
|
|
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
/a i u a: i: u: ai au ə/ '''a i u â î û ai au e'''
a e i o u + diphthongs (PLak a and ā merge by default, except āy > ay, ay > ey)


/ə/ is a common outcome of vowel reduction and can only occur in unstressed syllables.
e i cemtralize after !


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Line 32: Line 120:
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
Should be Hebrew in ways Windermere is not; gender and number agreement on adjectives and verbs
 
<!-- Here are some example subcategories:


Nouns
Inflectional morphology:
Adjectives
=== Nouns ===
Verbs
* construct state
Adverbs
* Animate nouns form plurals by partial redup
Particles
Derivational morphology


-->
=== Verbs ===
* Present tense bi- (from the agentive)
* Past: r infix participle
* Future and imperative: unmarked form


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
more head-final than Naeng
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
Line 54: Line 142:


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
==Poetry==
Tłkaw should have Welsh style cynghanedd
where there are rules on which syllables have clicks in a poem
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->

Latest revision as of 22:55, 14 June 2023

Tłkaw
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Hmøøh
Native speakers6 million (13b0dd)
Lakovic
  • Tłkaw
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tłkaw (dgē Tłkaw /ŋ͡!ɜː kǁaw/; dgē is related to Naeng tnger 'voice') is a Lakovic language spoken by the Tłkaw people in Eastern Talma. It's inspired by Hebrew, Nama, Zulu, and !Xóõ. It's in a sprachbund with Yacavestub and Wiobian.

!xu||xam!xai

The demonnym Tłkaw comes from PLak *lakof 'human'.

Clickhmoob relative?

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Largely phonetic; use ligatures for clicks

Consonants

Tłkaw consonants
Labial Alveolar Lateral Palatal Velar Glottal
Click voiceless pk /kʘ/, tk /k!/, tsk /kǀ/, tłk /kǁ/
voiced bg /ŋʘ~ɡʘ/, dg /ŋ!~ɡ!/, dsg /ŋǀ~ɡǀ/, dłg /ŋǁ~ɡǁ/
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ k /k/ /ʔ-/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /ɡ/
implosive qb /ɓ/ qd /ɗ/ qg /ɠ/
Fricative s /s/, z /z/ ł š /ʃ/, ž /ʒ/ x /x/ h /h/
Affricate ts /ts/ tł
Resonant w /w/ r /ɾ/ l /l/ y /j/

Vowels

a e i o u + diphthongs (PLak a and ā merge by default, except āy > ay, ay > ey)

e i cemtralize after !

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Should be Hebrew in ways Windermere is not; gender and number agreement on adjectives and verbs

Inflectional morphology:

Nouns

  • construct state
  • Animate nouns form plurals by partial redup

Verbs

  • Present tense bi- (from the agentive)
  • Past: r infix participle
  • Future and imperative: unmarked form

Syntax

more head-final than Naeng

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Poetry

Tłkaw should have Welsh style cynghanedd

where there are rules on which syllables have clicks in a poem

Other resources

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Tłkaw&oldid=309497"