Terzemian

From Linguifex
Revision as of 14:51, 8 February 2021 by Nicomega (talk | contribs) (adding categories)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Introduction

Terzemian is a PIE conlang spoken in the area immediately to the west of the Caspian Sea, that is, the Eastern foothills of the Caucasus Mountains.

History

Proto-Terzemian shares all the features that are common between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic, though Old Terzemian is strictly neither Indo-Iranian or Balto-Slavic.

Writing

Terzemian is written in a variety of scripts.

The oldest is known as Terzemian Mnemonic Signs, which is a defective syllabary that distinguishes 12 consonants (around half the number present in Old Terzemian), but all 4 vowels that were phonemic at the time. Mnemonic signs use a bi-quinary numeral system, with separate digits for 0 through 4, and a "plus 5" diacritic. This method can be used to count from 0 to 99 on two hands, with the number of fingers extended being 0 to 4, and the extension of the thumb standing for the "plus 5" marker.

After Mnemonic Signs, the Arabic script was adopted and adapted.

During the Soviet era, Cyrillic was required.

A Yanalif reform movement existed briefly, before the modern-day Latin alphabet was designed. For roughly 20 years starting in the late 1980s, there was also "Internet Terzemian", which is a romanization typeable on a standard US keyboard, and representable in 7-bit X3.4-1968 (aka US-ASCII or Plain ASCII).

IPA

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops p b t d k g ʔ
Nasals m n ŋ
Affricates ts
Fricatives f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ h
Liquids w ɹ l j
Tap/Trill ɾ/r

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close i y ɯ ʲɯ u ʲu
Non-Close e ø ɑ ʲɑ ɒ ʲɒ

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ə ɞ
Nasal ə̃ ɞ̃

Arabic

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops پ ب ت d ک گ ا
Nasals ن ڲ
Affricates c چ
Fricatives ف ڢ ş z̧ س z ش ž x ǧ ه
Liquids w ř l j
Tap/Trill r

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close i ü y jy u ju
Non-Close ێ‎ ێو ۆ‎ ﯼۆو ﯼۆ یﯼۆو

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ǐ ŭ
Nasal ę ą

Latin

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops p b t d k g q
Nasals m n ň
Affricates c č
Fricatives f v ş z̧ s z š ž x ǧ h
Liquids w ř l j
Tap/Trill r

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close i ü y jy u ju
Non-Close e ö a ja о jo

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ǐ ŭ
Nasal ę ą

Cyrillic

Consonants

Labial Interdental Alveolar Postalveolar Velar Glottal
Stops п б т д к г ъ
Nasals м н ң
Affricates ц ч
Fricatives ф в ҫ ҙ с з ш ж х ғ һ
Liquids ў ʀ л й
Tap/Trill р

Strong Vowels

Fr Un Fr Rd Bk Un J Bk Un Bk Rd J Bk Rd
Close и ү ы ӥ у ю
Non-Close е ө а я о ё

Weak Vowels

Front Back
Non Nasal ь ә
Nasal ę ą