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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list|Swadesh list for Tigol and the Tigolic languages]] | ||
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]] | [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]] | ||
'''Tigol''' ( | '''Tigol''' (''TEE-gol'', ''in Ticcál'' from Thensarian ''Tincatlom''; [[Eevo]]: ''Tygol''; [[Anbirese]]: ''Tigol'') is a [[Talmic]] language which arose from northern dialects of [[Thensarian]]. Its aesthetics is based on Old Irish orthography. Tigol is the language of many manuscripts. Its extreme grammatical complexity caused it to diverge rapidly into the modern Tigolic languages. | ||
==Todo== | |||
*''Óc Eo'' | |||
==Primitive Eevo== | ==Primitive Eevo== | ||
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|colspan="2"| '''t''' /t/ | |colspan="2"| '''t''' /t/ | ||
| | | | ||
| ''' | | '''k''' /k/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Approximant | ! colspan="2" |Approximant | ||
| ''' | | '''w''' /ʋ/ | ||
| '''l''' /l/ | | '''l''' /l/ | ||
| | | | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The diphthongs are ''' | The diphthongs are '''ai au ei eu iu oi ui'''. | ||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
* | *''Agcaoili'' - a name | ||
*''ull'' = place name morpheme (''eul-'' in Anbirese) | |||
*Sian dom Ceamb can be a person's name | |||
**Eulsjeondamkjeom in Anbir | |||
*ghdhbh is allowed: aeġḋḃithir, luġḋḃae, sóiġḋḃaṁ | |||
*dobanis > dobh = to be like | |||
*change ħ to ŋ | *change ħ to ŋ | ||
*''immer'' < * | *''immer'' < *φimmirae < ''φinae mirae'' = now | ||
*Verb prefixes: | *Verb prefixes: | ||
**''ar-'': on, at | **''ar-'': on, at | ||
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**''-aitt'' = adjectivizer | **''-aitt'' = adjectivizer | ||
**''-all'' = verbal noun, also abstract noun? | **''-all'' = verbal noun, also abstract noun? | ||
*''A | **''an-/é-'' = intensive; 'very' | ||
*''-óid'' = origin suffix | |||
*''A nDessachthar'' = name of a museum (lit. "that you may see inside her [the Second Mover]") | |||
* *nt *nk > unlenited /d g/ (normally written t c). Note that PCelt *ant,*ent > *ent > /eːd/ but *int *ont *unt > /idd odd udd/ like *nk: cét /kʲeːd/ "hundred" < PCelt *kantom (cf. Welsh cant) < PIE *kṃtóm; sét /sʲeːd/ "way" < *sentu- (vs. Breton hent); ro·icc, ric(c)/r(o)-iɡɡ/ "he reaches" < *ro-ink- (vs. Bret rankout "must, owe"); tocad /toɡað/ "luck" (vs. Bret tonkad "fate").[25]*ns > unlenited s with compensatory lengthening of a preceding vowel; *ans > *ens > és similarly to *ant *ank: géis "swan" < PCelt *gansi- < PIE *ǵʰh₂ens- (vs. Dutch gans "goose"). | |||
#i-affection: Short *e and *o are raised to i and u when the following syllable contains a high vowel (*i, *ī, *u, *ū). It does not happen when the vowels are separated by certain consonant groups. | |||
#a-affection: Short *i and *u are lowered to e and o when the following syllable contains a non-high back vowel (*a, *ā, *o, *ō). | |||
#u-affection: Short *a, *e, *i are broken to short diphthongs au, eu, iu when the following syllable contains a *u or *ū that was later lost. It is assumed that at the point the change operated, u-vowels that were later lost were short *u while those that remain were long *ū. The change operates after i-affection so original *e may end up as iu. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
Talmic script; borrow ''h'' from | Talmic script; borrow ''h'' from Windermere script | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
*'''b c d f g l m n ŋ p r s t''' / | *'''b c d f g l m n ŋ p r s t''' /p kʰ t f k l m n ŋ pʰ r s tʰ/ | ||
*"Lenition": '''ḃ ch ḋ fh ġ h ṁ ph sh th''' / | *"Lenition": '''ḃ ch ḋ fh ġ h ṁ ph sh th''' /b gʰ d fʰ g h mʰ bʰ sʰ dʰ/ | ||
*"Eclipsis": '''mb ŋc nd ŋg mf mp ns nt''' /ᵐb | *"Eclipsis": '''mb ŋc nd ŋg mf mp ns nt''' /ᵐb ᵑkʰ ⁿd ᵑg ᵐf ᵐpʰ ⁿs ⁿtʰ/ | ||
*Geminates: '''cc ll nn ŋŋ pp rr ss tt''' /kː lː nː ŋː pː rː sː tː/ | *Geminates: '''cc ll mm nn ŋŋ pp rr ss tt''' /kː lː mː nː ŋː pː rː sː tː/ | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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*'''á é í ó ú''' /aː eː iː oː uː/ | *'''á é í ó ú''' /aː eː iː oː uː/ | ||
*'''ai ei io oi ui''' | *'''ai ei io oi ui''' | ||
*'''ae ao ái éi eó éu ia ío íu iú ói oí ua úi uí''' | *'''ae ao ái éi eó éu ia ío íu iú ói oí ua úi uí''' /ae ao ai ei eo: ø: ia i:o y: iu: o:i oi: ua u:i ui:/ | ||
All five short vowels '''a e i o u''' could occur in a word-final unstressed syllable. | All five short vowels '''a e i o u''' could occur in a word-final unstressed syllable. | ||