Tigol/Proto-Tigol

Background

The Themsaran language, spoken on the ____ Island, constitutes a separate branch of the ____ language family, along with other para-Themsaran languages. Themsaran is a typological and lexical outlier in the family due to its long period of isolation and substrate influence.

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Dorsal	Radical	Glottal
Nasal	m		n
Plosive	p b			t d			k g	(ʡ)	(ʔ)
Fricative		f v	θ ⟨th⟩	s z	ʃ ⟨⟩ ʒ		x~χ	ħ~ʜ~ʢ	h
Affricate					tʃ
Approximant		(ʋ)				j
Trill				r
Lateral app.				l			ʎ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i iː	ʉ ʉː	u uː
Mid	e eː		o oː
Open		a aː

Grammar

Themsaran is a strongly head-initial and head-marking language.

Nouns

Nouns inflect for number, definiteness and possession, but not for case. Nouns have two genders, masculine and feminine.

Adjectives

Adjectives agree in not only number, definiteness and gender with their heads, but also in possession. Adjectives also take degree inflection (positive, "less/least", "more/most", elative, "X enough", "too X").

Verbs

Finite verbs are marked for TAM, degree (positive, "more/most"), voice, the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, may be marked with the direct object's person, number, and gender. The verb may agree with an indirect object (usually 1st or 2nd person) instead of with the direct object. There are also several non-finite forms, used with various subordinating conjunctions.

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Syntax

The default constituent order is verb-subject-pronominal oblique object-direct object.