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Undernederlandsk: Difference between revisions
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====Infinitive==== | ====Infinitive==== | ||
As a rule, all Undernederlandsk infinitives, in written form, end on "-a". This may or may not be the case depending on the dialect and the | As a rule, all Undernederlandsk infinitives, in written form, end on "-a". This may or may not be the case depending on the dialect and the speaker's preferences, however, in written language it always ends on "-a". | ||
====Indicative==== | ====Indicative==== | ||
Verbs are conjugated in accordance with the grammatical number and pronoun. In general, with the few exceptions of the irregular verbs ''vesa'', ''hava'' and ''sea'', the the rule stands that for for the first person singular the verb is conjugated as ''stem+'''e'''''; for the second person singular, the verb is conjugated as ''stem+'''(a)d'''''; for third person singular and first and second person plural the verb is conjugated as ''stem+'''(e)r'''''; finally, for the third person plural the verb is conjugated as ''stem+'''(a)'''''. Letters between brackets indicate that these are dropped when the stem ends on a vowel, for example in ''ståa'', "to stand", and ''lya'', "to lie". | |||
In the table below, the conjugations for regular verbs, the three irregular verbs, and regular verbs ending on a vowel are given: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! width="70px"| vesa<br>''to be'' | ! width="70px"| vesa<br>''to be'' | ||
| äre || ärad || | | äre || ärad || ärer || ærer || ærer || æra | ||
|- | |- | ||
! width="70px"| hava<br>''to have'' | ! width="70px"| hava<br>''to have'' | ||
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| stå'''e''' || stå'''d''' || stå'''r''' || stå'''r''' || stå'''r''' || stå | | stå'''e''' || stå'''d''' || stå'''r''' || stå'''r''' || stå'''r''' || stå | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Imperative==== | |||
Imperative verbs are normally formed by ''stem+'''t''''' combinations. Imperative verbs can only exist in present and future form, not in the past form. The future form is formed by ''vyrd'''t''' + infinitive''. An umlaut exists with certain vowels in the stems, namely: [o] -> [ø], [ɛ] -> [ɪ], [o̞] -> [y] and [o:] -> [œy̯]. | |||
{| cellpadding="4" style="padding: 0.5em;" | |||
|- align="center" | |||
| <!--COL SEPARATOR ENABLING TABLES BESIDE EACHOTHER--> | |||
{|class=wikitable | |||
|- | |||
! Verb | |||
! Present | |||
! Future | |||
|- | |||
| '''löppa'''<br> '''''to walk''''' | |||
| löpp'''t'''! | |||
| vyrdt löppa! | |||
|- | |||
| '''vesa'''<br> '''''to be''''' | |||
| vés! | |||
| vyrdt vesa! | |||
|- | |||
| '''hava'''<br> '''''to have''''' | |||
| hævt! | |||
| vyrdt hava! | |||
|- | |||
| '''holla'''<br> '''''to hold''''' | |||
| h'''ö'''ll'''t'''! | |||
| vyrdt h'''ö'''lla! | |||
|- | |||
| '''nemna'''<br> '''''to take''''' | |||
| n'''i'''mn'''t'''! | |||
| vyrdt n'''i'''mna! | |||
|- | |||
| '''ståa'''<br> '''''to stand''''' | |||
| st'''y'''! | |||
| vyrdt st'''y'''a! | |||
|- | |||
| '''lófa'''<br> '''''to believe''''' | |||
| l'''øy'''f'''t'''! | |||
| vyrdt l'''øy'''fa! | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
====Conditional==== | |||
The conditional mood is formed by placing the subjunctive form of ''skylla'', "shall" in front of the infinitive. Thus, | |||
:'''jag skylle sjynga''' — ''I will sing'' | |||
indicates that the subject will sing at some time in the future, whilst | |||
:'''jag skyllo sjynga''' — ''I would sing'' | |||
indicates that the subject will only sing if some or more conditions are met. Compare for example: | |||
:'''jag skylle med honom med gåa till sitt hus''' — ''I will go to his/her home'' | |||
versus | |||
:'''jag skyllo med honom med gåa till sitt hus allenalig när hun ville mig þär''' — ''I would go with her to her home only if she wants me to''. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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[tʰl̩ˀ ˌmɪn:ˈau̯sʈ ˌkʊmˈtʰɪlˀbɒkɐ tʰɪlˀ mɪj]. | [tʰl̩ˀ ˌmɪn:ˈau̯sʈ ˌkʊmˈtʰɪlˀbɒkɐ tʰɪlˀ mɪj]. | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:North Germanic languages]] | [[Category:North Germanic languages]] | ||