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User:Ceige/Ceuja: Difference between revisions
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Old Ceuja is characterised by: | Old Ceuja is characterised by: | ||
* an initial wave of palatalisation for velars and dentals caused by front vowels and /j/, | * an initial wave of palatalisation for velars and dentals caused by front vowels and /j/, | ||
* lenition of some intervocalic plosives, | |||
* a reduction of consonant clusters involving plosives, resulting in a second wave of palatalisation, | * a reduction of consonant clusters involving plosives, resulting in a second wave of palatalisation, | ||
* Romance vowel metaphony (cf Germanic umlaut) caused by the second wave of palatalisation | * Romance vowel metaphony (cf Germanic umlaut) caused by the second wave of palatalisation. | ||
====Palatalisation of velars and dentals==== | ====Palatalisation of velars and dentals==== | ||
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* ''but'' [[wiktionary: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kāsijaz | *kāsijaz]] → *kasja (Mod. queja /ˈkexa/) | * ''but'' [[wiktionary: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kāsijaz | *kāsijaz]] → *kasja (Mod. queja /ˈkexa/) | ||
====Lenition==== | |||
In intervocalic environments and between voiced sounds, plosives (and f, h) underwent lenition. This did not affect geminate plosives. | |||
In the syllable final position, plosives (and f, h) underwent vocalisation, which is the mechanism through which many subsequent consonant cluster reductions were completed. | |||
The two exceptions to this rule are clusters with initial nasals, where the plosive keeps its phonation (not applicable to fricatives, which had already eliminated their preceding nasals), and clusters with a final -s, which undergo a slightly different set of transformations. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Plosive !! lenited form !! vocalised form | |||
|- | |||
| p, f || b || w | |||
|- | |||
| b || w || w | |||
|- | |||
| t || d || Ø | |||
|- | |||
| d || Ø || Ø | |||
|- | |||
| k, h || g || j | |||
|- | |||
| g || j || j | |||
|} | |||
====Consonant cluster reduction==== | ====Consonant cluster reduction==== | ||
Clusters with plosives, when reduced into a single consonant, tend to preserve the final consonant over the initial one. | Clusters with plosives, when reduced into a single consonant, tend to preserve the final consonant over the initial one. | ||
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! Old Cluster !! Early Medial step !! Late Medial step !! Final stage | ! Old Cluster !! Early Medial step !! Late Medial step !! Final stage | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | jt, lt || jt || tj || t͡ʃ ⟨ch⟩, triggering metaphony | ||
|- | |||
| jl, lj, gl || jl, lj || j || j ⟨j⟩, triggering metaphony | |||
|- | |- | ||
| ll || jl || lj || lj ⟨ll⟩, triggering metaphony | | ll || jl || lj || lj ⟨ll⟩, triggering metaphony | ||
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| nn ||colspan=2| nj || nj ⟨ñ⟩ | | nn ||colspan=2| nj || nj ⟨ñ⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ks || sk ~ js || sk ~ sj || ʃ ⟨x⟩ | | '''ks''' || sk ~ js || sk ~ sj || '''ʃ ⟨x⟩''' | ||
|- | |||
| wt ||colspan=2| wtt || wtt ⟨ut⟩ (a later change) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | wl ||colspan=2| wl || wl ⟨ul⟩ (a later change) | ||
|} | |} | ||
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| pl, kl ||colspan=2| Clj || lj ⟨ll⟩, dialectally t͡ʃ ⟨ch⟩ | | pl, kl ||colspan=2| Clj || lj ⟨ll⟩, dialectally t͡ʃ ⟨ch⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bl, gl ||colspan=2 | | bl, gl ||colspan=2| l || l ⟨l⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sts ||colspan=2| ts || ts ⟨c, z⟩ | | sts ||colspan=2| ts || ts ⟨c, z⟩ | ||