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User:Ceige/Madyastani: Difference between revisions
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<small><Jh> tends to be pronounced as [d͡ʒ] word initially, and as [h] word medially. The allophonic status of this phoneme has not exactly been sorted out.</small> | <small><Jh> tends to be pronounced as [d͡ʒ] word initially, and as [h] word medially. The allophonic status of this phoneme has not exactly been sorted out.</small> | ||
<small>Even after redoing the consonant system, I'm not sure how I want PII <*ĵʱ> to turn out. J, jh, or h? It's tempting to choose the latter for compatibility with Sanskrit, but it's also tempting to choose J to keep things systematic. Ultimately, the deciding part is whether voiced consonants merge before or after palatalisation.</small> | <small>Even after redoing the consonant system, I'm not sure how I want PII <*ĵʱ> to turn out. J, jh, or h? It's tempting to choose the latter for compatibility with Sanskrit, but it's also tempting to choose J to keep things systematic. Ultimately, the deciding part is whether voiced consonants merge before or after palatalisation.</small> | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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* <small>PIE</small> *dék̂m̥ > <small>PII</small> *dáĉa > <small>MDY</small> '''daśa''' (dasha) | * <small>PIE</small> *dék̂m̥ > <small>PII</small> *dáĉa > <small>MDY</small> '''daśa''' (dasha) | ||
* <small>PIE</small> *h2r̥tk̂os > <small>PII</small> *r̥kša-> <small>MDY</small> '''rksha''' | * <small>PIE</small> *h2r̥tk̂os > <small>PII</small> *r̥kša-> <small>MDY</small> '''rksha''' | ||
===Full-Ablaut Words=== | |||
While not necessarily equivalent to the Proto-Indo-European ablaut, Madyastani has a special class of root variations known as ''full-ablaut words''. While the name is somewhat misleading (for example, *u and *i don't necessarily transform into <awa> and <aya>), it generally involves the insertion of many <a>s into the root word, thus creating a new word. | |||
For example: | |||
* <small>PIE</small> *medʰyo- > madahaya = ''madya'' (middle) | |||
* <small>PIE</small> *medʰyo- > madahaya = ''madya'' | |||
Often, full-ablaut words will indicate phonemes that no longer exist in the standard language, such as <dh>. While in PIE, *dʰ is a single consonant, in Madyastani, these have been either analysed as clusters, or have evolved into them, being preserved in a way by the full-ablaut series of vocabulary. However, the process is not entirely straightforward or regular. For example: | |||
* <small>PIE</small> *swésōr > sawasara = ''swasar'' (sister) | |||
* <small>PIE</small> *swépno- > sawapana = ''swapna'' (dream) | |||
* <small>PIE</small> *sóh₂wl̥ > sawara = ''sura, surya'' (sun) | |||
''but'' | |||
* <small>PIE</small> *suro- > sura (no change) (cheese) | |||
* <small>PIE</small> *steh₂no- > stana (no change), or astana (state) | |||
Here we can see that PIE *s-w- does not work according to a single system, and not all *s+consonant combinations work the same either. As a result, this series is not considered productive anymore, although new vocabulary can be made via analogy. | |||
<!--===Phonotactics===--> | <!--===Phonotactics===--> | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
<!--===Orthography===--> | <!--===Orthography===--> | ||
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --> | <!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --> | ||
<!--==Grammar==--> | <!--==Grammar==--> | ||