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User:Ceige/Manchu Grammar Overview: Difference between revisions
User:Ceige/Manchu Grammar Overview (view source)
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==Intro== | ==Intro== | ||
This guide is meant to give people with an interest in historical linguistics and conlanging an overview of the Manchu language. | This guide is meant to give people with an interest in historical linguistics and conlanging an overview of the Manchu language. Manchu is the language that descended from earlier Jurchen; "Manchu" was sort of a rebranding for the Jurchen after they absorbed surrounding peoples. | ||
Xibe is a daughter language of Early Modern Manchu, splitting off in 1764 thanks to a Qing military garrison. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
The Manchu script has a Proto-Sinaitic (and thus likely Egyptian, via grapheme borrowing + phonemic calquing) heritage along with the Roman, Greek, Hebrew, Arabian and Devanagari writing systems, amongst many others. | The Manchu script has a Proto-Sinaitic (and thus likely Egyptian, via grapheme borrowing + phonemic calquing) heritage along with the Roman, Greek, Hebrew, Arabian and Devanagari writing systems, amongst many others. | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Case || Form || Comparisons & Notes | ! Case || Form || Xibe Equivalent || Comparisons & Notes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nominative || Ø || | | Nominative || Ø || Ø || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Accusative || be, or Ø - ''be'' has ~definiteness || Cf. Japanese -he, -wo; note -he could conceivably have Chinese origins too | | Accusative || be, or Ø - ''be'' has ~definiteness || -f/və || Cf. Japanese -he, -wo; note -he could conceivably have Chinese origins too | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Genetive || i, or ni || ''I need to confirm what possible the difference in usage is'' | | Genetive || i, or ni || i || ''I need to confirm what possible the difference in usage is'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Dative-locative || de || cf. Turkic, Mongolic, Japanese | | Dative-locative || de || də, -t || cf. Turkic, Mongolic, Japanese; Xibe can get away with -t even after -n, e.g. ɢazn-t | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ablative || ci || cf. Partitive in Uralic (can be used in comparison, see Wikipedia examples) | | Ablative || ci || dəri || cf. Partitive in Uralic (can be used in comparison, see Wikipedia examples) | ||
|- | |||
| Lative || - || ći || ''Note correlation between Manchurian Initiative and Xibe Ablative'' | |||
|- | |||
| Instrumental-Sociative || - || maq || ~ with | |||
|} | |} | ||
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==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||
For a more extensive list of words: [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Manchu/Vocab Wikibooks: Manchu/Vocab] | |||
* ama, eme = father, mother | * ama, eme = father, mother | ||
* akū = COP.NEG | * akū = COP.NEG | ||