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User:Ceige/Niche Grammar: Difference between revisions
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==Quick Phonological Overview== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
:: {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! Labial !! Dental !! Palatal !! Dorsal | |||
|- | |||
! Plosives & Affricates | |||
| p, b || t, d || č, dž || k, g | |||
|- | |||
! Classical Fricatives | |||
| f || s, (th) || š || h | |||
|- | |||
! Classical Sonorants | |||
| v || (r) || j || (l) | |||
|- | |||
! Nasals | |||
| m || n || ň || (ng) | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
* '''Monophthong phonemes:''' | |||
<!-- : {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front !! Centre !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Closed | |||
| i ⟨i⟩, i: ⟨ee⟩ ||colspan=2| u: ⟨oo⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| e ⟨e⟩, ei || ə: ⟨eu⟩ || o ⟨o⟩, o: ⟨oe⟩ | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| æ ||colspan=2| a: | |||
|}--> | |||
:: {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front !! Center !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Closed | |||
| i ||rowspan=2| ø || u | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| e || o | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
|colspan=3| a | |||
|} | |||
* '''Diphthong phonemes:''' | |||
:: {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front !! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Closed | |||
|colspan=2| ju | |||
|- | |||
! Open-Mid | |||
|colspan=2| ei | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| (ai) || (au) | |||
|} | |||
* '''Vowel length:''' Vowels use similar conditions to Germanic languages to determine vowel length.<!--Stressed?--> Vowels in a open syllables are habitually long, while vowels in a closed syllable are habitually short. | |||
===Phonological Processes=== | |||
<!--* '''Sonority-hierarchy driven metathesis?'''--> | |||
* '''Monosyllabisation:''' Words and roots are reduced by sound change to one main syllable, with consonant clusters being reduced to a set of features modifying a nuclear consonant: | |||
:* C̊m-, C̊n- C̊ň- > m̊, n̊, ň̊ (nasal voiceless continuant) > f, s, š | |||
:* Np, Nt, Nk > b, d, g | |||
:* tr, kl > s, h? | |||
<!--exceptions: Cr > CVrV?--> | |||
==Quick Grammatical Overview== | ==Quick Grammatical Overview== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
| Line 5: | Line 77: | ||
:: Cat POSS = the cat's owner. | :: Cat POSS = the cat's owner. | ||
:: Cat POSS Joe = Joe's cat. | :: Cat POSS Joe = Joe's cat. | ||
===Verbs=== | * '''Nominalisation:''' Just about everything can be nominalised with the nominalisation particle. | ||
===Verbs & Syntax=== | |||
* '''Separation of noun-phrases by verbs:''' The language's syntax is strongly guided by the principle of preventing noun phrases with limited marking from coming in contact by placing verbs between them whenever possible. See below for the effects of this phenomenon. | |||
* '''SV₂OV₁ order:''' In sentences with only one verb, the word order is SVO; however in sentences with multiple verbs, the first verb goes at the end of the sentence (but before word final particles) and the other verbs go between the subject and object. Inspired by possible naive linguistic analyses of the function of "gern(e)" in German in sentences talking about wants and desires. | * '''SV₂OV₁ order:''' In sentences with only one verb, the word order is SVO; however in sentences with multiple verbs, the first verb goes at the end of the sentence (but before word final particles) and the other verbs go between the subject and object. Inspired by possible naive linguistic analyses of the function of "gern(e)" in German in sentences talking about wants and desires. | ||
* '''Alignment:''' Austronesianesque, with the following: | * '''Alignment:''' Austronesianesque, with the following: | ||