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My latest chamlang, in the style of Dhannuá being "plausibly Celtic" at first glance, this shall be "plausibly at first glance" a mystical love child of Proto-Greek and Proto-Albanian, avec dashes of ''liquamen''. It is named after the Boeotian word for sweet-voiced, ''ἴδηφιν''. | My latest chamlang, in the style of Dhannuá being "plausibly Celtic" at first glance, this shall be "plausibly at first glance" a mystical love child of Proto-Greek and Proto-Albanian, avec dashes of ''liquamen''. It is named after the Boeotian word for sweet-voiced, ''ἴδηφιν''. | ||
And now, I've come up with a proper glottonym, woo! | |||
(ϜΕΠΟΣ) ΧΙΡΑΘΩΝ | |||
==A Tentative Chronological Order of Sound Change== | ==A Tentative Chronological Order of Sound Change== | ||
===The elimination of the laryngeals and their effect on nearby vowels=== | ===The elimination of the laryngeals and their effect on nearby vowels=== | ||
====Hoffman's Law==== | |||
Not unlike Cowgill's law in the Germanic branch, there appears to be occasional consonant reflexes of certain laryngeals in Dephinian. | Not unlike Cowgill's law in the Germanic branch, there appears to be occasional consonant reflexes of certain laryngeals in Dephinian. | ||
The sound change, called Hoffman's law (sometimes Hoffman-Cowgill) after Maribel Hoffman's discovery (Hoffman 1988: 201 n. 2) that either Cowgill's law or something very similar to it operates to a certain extent in some Dephinian words albeit with the modification that the reflex is | The sound change, called Hoffman's law (sometimes Hoffman-Cowgill) after Maribel Hoffman's discovery (Hoffman 1988: 201 n. 2) that either Cowgill's law or something very similar to it operates to a certain extent in some Dephinian words albeit with the modification that the reflex is *g and not *k (as in Germanic). | ||
: PIE *gʷih₃wós > *gʷigwós > *gʷígʷus > Deph βιφος /ˈbipʰos/ (with analogical lowering of the nominative ending vowel, cf. μιρτος /ˈmirtos/ ‘dead’) | |||
This sound change must predate the change of the labiovelars to labials, as there is no attested **βίυς /biːus/ which would be the regular outcome of a form **bíh₃wós with intervocalic w- and laryngeal deletion. | |||
====Quinn's Law==== | |||
Quinn's law was first formulated by Nathanel Quinn to explain certain irregularities in the inherited lexicon. It states that /g/ before /h₂/ gave -gʰa- as a result of leftwards aspiration assimilation in the earliest stages of Dephinian. (Quinn 2009: 103 n. 1) | |||
:PIE *dʰugh₂tḗr > *dugʰatḗr > *dugʰátēr > Deph δυχάτηρ /duˈχɑteːr/ ‘daughter’ instead of expected **δυγατηρ < **dhugátēr. | |||
===Delabialization of m=== | |||
PIE *yugóm > *yugón | |||
===Initial jod fortition=== | |||
{{ast}}yugón > *dyugon | |||
===Loss of word-final stop consonants=== | |||
===Barytonesis=== | |||
{{ast}}dyugon > *dyúgon | |||
===Merger of labiovelars into labials=== | |||
===Vocalisation of word-final /s/=== | |||
===Raising of /o/ to /u/ between resonants and labials=== | |||
PIE *nókʷt-s > *nópts > *núpts > *nū́ps > Deph νυιψ /nyps/ ‘night’ | |||
===Palatalisation=== | |||
===Debuccalisation of /s/=== | |||
===Depatalisation=== | |||
===Assimilation of /s/ to neighbouring stops=== | |||
==Chronologically unordered list of delicious sound changes== | |||
===Misc. changes pilfered from Proto-Albanian and Proto-Greek=== | ===Misc. changes pilfered from Proto-Albanian and Proto-Greek=== | ||
:* /s/ > /χ/ \ V_V, _R /s/ > /θ/ \ _V, /χ/ \ -_k-, /θ/ \ -_d-, /ʃ/ \ [r u̯ k i̯]_V, /i̯/ \ V̄_# | :* /s/ > /χ/ \ V_V, _R /s/ > /θ/ \ _V, /χ/ \ -_k-, /θ/ \ -_d-, /ʃ/ \ [r u̯ k i̯]_V, /i̯/ \ V̄_# | ||
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:* laryngeal colouring and compensatory lengthening of following vowels | :* laryngeal colouring and compensatory lengthening of following vowels | ||
:: /h₁e/, /h₂e/, /h₃e/ > /ē/, /ā/, /ō/ | :: /h₁e/, /h₂e/, /h₃e/ > /ē/, /ā/, /ō/ | ||
::: {{term| | ::: {{term|αντηρηι}} ''ā́ntērēi'' 'ancestors' < PIE *''h₂en-tḗr-'' | ||
::: {{term|ωφώχωι}} ''ōphṓχōi'' 'of a serpent' < PIE ''*h₃egʷ-'' | ::: {{term|ωφώχωι}} ''ōphṓχōi'' 'of a serpent' < PIE ''*h₃egʷ-'' | ||
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::: {{term|χιρέθωι}} ''khiréthōi'' 'harder' < *''χrétʲōi'' < PIE ''*kret-yōs'', cf. {{term|χιρτυς}} ''khírtus'' 'hard' | ::: {{term|χιρέθωι}} ''khiréthōi'' 'harder' < *''χrétʲōi'' < PIE ''*kret-yōs'', cf. {{term|χιρτυς}} ''khírtus'' 'hard' | ||
:* /k/ > /k/, /χ/ \#_R, | :* /k/ > /k/, /χ/ \#_R, | ||
:* K > /χ/ \#_R | |||
:* "/b/" > /b/ | :* "/b/" > /b/ | ||
:* /d/ > /d/, | :* /d/ > /d/, | ||
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:* /eu/ > /ū~eu/ {{term|ερεύθρος}}, {{term|ερύθρος}} ''ereúthros'', ''erū́thros'' < PIE ''*h₁reudh-ro-'' | :* /eu/ > /ū~eu/ {{term|ερεύθρος}}, {{term|ερύθρος}} ''ereúthros'', ''erū́thros'' < PIE ''*h₁reudh-ro-'' | ||
== | ==examples== | ||
==Loans== | |||
* [[User:Chrysophylax/Substrate language|substrate language]] | |||
: {{c|χαφταψ}} ''χaphtaps'' 'warlord', from '''xaphdáph''' of the same meaning. | |||
: {{c|δαϝοτυς}} ''davotus'' 'priest of a particular god', from '''dáwátus''' 'lighter of the flame' | |||
: {{c|φεθαχς}} ''phethax'' 'axe-bearer, bodyguard', from '''fexa''' 'axe' | |||
: {{c|nωθη}} ''nōthē'' 'the Ocean', from '''nōthē''' of the same meaning. | |||
: {{c|θηθυψ}} ''thēthups'' 'temple', from '''sēdhuf''' of the same meaning. | |||
: {{c|ϝυχοτυς}} ''vuχotus'' 'orator', from '''wuhkotus''' 'who makes speech'. | |||
: {{c|ϝυναχς}} ''vunax'' 'poet', from '''wuhnako''' 'he who has speech as a profession', from '''wuhko''' + infix '''-na-''' 'profession' | |||
: {{c|νωναθηι}} ''nōnathēi'' 'fisherman' from '''nōnathē''' 'he who has the sea as a profession', from '''nōthē''' + infix '''-na-''' 'profession' | |||
===V.1=== | ===V.1=== | ||
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="wikitable" | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="wikitable" | ||