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→Derived stems
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===Nominal categories=== | ===Nominal categories=== | ||
====Derived stems==== | ====Derived stems==== | ||
Practically all possible phonological shapes were used in the large stock of PU denominal and deverbal nominal suffixes. The most common and most reliably reconstructable types comprise such as : stop, stop+vowel, stop+stop+vowel (possibly incl. geminate stop+vowel), nasal, nasal+vowel, nasal+stop+vowel, sibiliant+vowel, liquid+vowel, glide. However, except for some of the verbal noun suffixes, the exact function of the derivative elements remain largely obscure. For most of the denominal suffixes only a vague "diminutive meaning" can be reconstructed. Among the few functionally clear cases are: ''*-mpå/-mpä'' for denoting local contrast (later becoming the comparative suffix in Finnic-Lapp and Hungarian), ''*-mtV''for order (ordinal numbers and pronouns), and the complex caritive suffix ''-*ktåmå/-ktämä''. | Practically all possible phonological shapes were used in the large stock of PU denominal and deverbal nominal suffixes. The most common and most reliably reconstructable types comprise such as : stop, stop+vowel, stop+stop+vowel (possibly incl. geminate stop+vowel), nasal, nasal+vowel, nasal+stop+vowel, sibiliant+vowel, liquid+vowel, glide. However, except for some of the verbal noun suffixes, the exact function of the derivative elements remain largely obscure. For most of the denominal suffixes only a vague "diminutive meaning" can be reconstructed. Among the few functionally clear cases are: ''*-mpå/-mpä'' for denoting local contrast (later becoming the comparative suffix in Finnic-Lapp and Hungarian), ''*-mtV'' for order (ordinal numbers and pronouns), and the complex caritive suffix ''-*ktåmå/-ktämä''. | ||
The suffixes for intensification of deixis in pronouns, such as ''*-m, *-n, *-mV, *-nV'', are a special case, since these may have had an additional function. By adding a syllable to the monosyllabic pronoun stem, it was possible to remove the structural difference between the deictic elements and the rest of the lexicon. | The suffixes for intensification of deixis in pronouns, such as ''*-m, *-n, *-mV, *-nV'', are a special case, since these may have had an additional function. By adding a syllable to the monosyllabic pronoun stem, it was possible to remove the structural difference between the deictic elements and the rest of the lexicon. | ||
Grammatically the derived stems did not differ in any way from the stems without derivative elements. | Grammatically the derived stems did not differ in any way from the stems without derivative elements. | ||
====Number==== | ====Number==== | ||
The absolute form of the noun could probably be used collectively for indefinite number. The use of a suffix for denoting non-singular number may in Pre-U have originally had an additional defining or individualizing function. However, in PU, at least the plural suffixes were obviously often used without regard to this limiting condition. | The absolute form of the noun could probably be used collectively for indefinite number. The use of a suffix for denoting non-singular number may in Pre-U have originally had an additional defining or individualizing function. However, in PU, at least the plural suffixes were obviously often used without regard to this limiting condition. | ||