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====Consonants==== | ====Consonants==== | ||
PU possessed at least 16 distinctive consonant units: | PU possessed at least 16 distinctive consonant units: | ||
{| | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="3"| | |||
|labial | |||
|dental | |||
|cacuminal | |||
|palatal | |||
|velar | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="3"|plain stops | |||
|p | |||
|t | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|k | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="3"|affricates | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|c | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="3"|sibilants | |||
| | |||
|s | |||
| | |||
|ś | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="3"|nasals | |||
|m | |||
|n | |||
| | |||
|ń | |||
|ŋ | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="3"|spirants | |||
| | |||
|ð | |||
| | |||
|ð’ | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="3"|laterals | |||
| | |||
|l | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="3"|vibrants | |||
| | |||
|r | |||
|- | |||
|colspan="3"|glides | |||
|w | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|j | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
labial | labial | ||
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Similarly, for the sake of system symmetry, additional phonemes could be proposed in the palatal series. A couple of uncertain etymologies suggest the reconstruction of a palatal lateral ''*l’'' but even other palatal phonemes (stop, affricate) may well have existed in PU, though they must have been of low frequency. | Similarly, for the sake of system symmetry, additional phonemes could be proposed in the palatal series. A couple of uncertain etymologies suggest the reconstruction of a palatal lateral ''*l’'' but even other palatal phonemes (stop, affricate) may well have existed in PU, though they must have been of low frequency. | ||
Synchronically the status of the “spirants” ''*ð'' and *'' | Synchronically the status of the “spirants” ''*ð'' and *''ð’'' appears to be problematic. These phonemes may have originally been related to either the dental stop or the liquids. | ||
====Vowels==== | ====Vowels==== | ||