User:Nicolasstraccia/afghanisketch: Difference between revisions
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* Vowels | * Vowels | ||
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| style="background:LightSteelBlue"|IPA || i || iː || e || eː || o || oː || u || uː || ɒ || äː || æ || ə | | style="background:LightSteelBlue"|IPA || i || iː || e || eː || o || oː || u || uː || ɒ || äː || æ || ə | ||
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| style="background:LightBlue"|Romanization || i || ī || e || ē || o || ō || u || ū || a || ā || ä || ë | | style="background:LightBlue"|Romanization || i || ī || e || ē || o || ō || u || ū || a || ā || ä || ë | ||
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| style="background:LightBlue"|Alternative romanization || i || î || e || ê || o || ô || u || û || a || â || á || é | |||
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* Consonants | * Consonants | ||
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{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
Revision as of 08:25, 19 November 2015
- This is Sketch C, based on the premises stated in the description of commission N°271 in the LCS's Jobs Board. This should probably furthermore be seen primarily as a sketching exercise, since I'm not very likely to be able to meet the stated deadline.
| Premise as stated in the job description: |
|---|
| "Vaguely Afghan — mountain primitives and coastal dwellers (depending) — we only meet the mountain primitives — with a territory-raiding and cross-breeding relationship to (A)." |
Phonology and orthography
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||
| Close | 
| |||||
| Near‑close | ||||||
| Close‑mid | ||||||
| Mid | ||||||
| Open‑mid | ||||||
| Near‑open | ||||||
| Open | ||||||
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Labiovelar | Laryngeal | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Palatoalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | [ʈ] | [ɖ] | k | g | [q] | [ɢ] | ʔ | ||||||||||
| Nasal | m | n | [ɳ] | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | |||||||||||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Tap/flap | ɾ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Fricative | ɸ | β | [f] | [v] | θ | [ð] | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | [ʂ] | [ʐ] | [ç] | [ʝ] | x | ɣ | xʷ | h | |||
| Africate | ʦ | ʣ | ʧ | ʤ | |||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | ɹ | j | w | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lateral Appr. | l | ||||||||||||||||||||
Phonotaxis
Syllable structure
Syllables may be structured as (C)(S)V(S)(C(C)), consisting of an optional syllable onset, one consonant; an obligatory syllable nucleus, a vowel optionally preceded by and/or followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, one or two consonants. The following restrictions apply:
- Onset
- Consonant (C): can be any consonant. (composed only of one consonant; consonant clusters are only found in loanwords, sometimes an epenthetic /ə/ is inserted between consonants.)
- Nucleus
- Semivowel (S)
- Vowel (V)
- Semivowel (S)
- Coda
- First consonant (C): can be any consonant.
- Second consonant (C): can also be any consonant (mostly /d/, /k/, /s/, /t/, & /z/).
Allophony
Phoneme Allophone Rule Description /t/ /d/ /n/ /s/ /z/ /ʈ/ /ɖ/ /ɳ/ /ʂ/ /ʐ/ word final /k/ /g/ /q/ /ɢ/ word final /ɸ/ /β/ /f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /r/ /ɾ/ /r/ /ɹ/ r→ɹ /V_N after vowels and before nasals /r/ /ʐ/ word final /tu/ /nu/ /ku/ /gu/ /xu/ /ŋu/ /tʷ/ /nʷ/ /kʷ/ /gʷ/ /xʷ/ /ŋʷ/ u.V→ʷV. /C_.V C=[+velar]{ɣ}, [t, n]
Orthography
Latin transcription
- Vowels
IPA i iː e eː o oː u uː ɒ äː æ ə Romanization i ī e ē o ō u ū a ā ä ë Alternative romanization i î e ê o ô u û a â á é
- Consonants
IPA p b t d k g ʔ m n ɲ ŋ ŋʷ r ɹ l j w Romanization p b t d k g ' m n ń ṇ ṇw ŕ r l y w Alternative romanization p b t d k g ' m n ny ng ngw r rh l y w ɸ β θ s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ xʷ h ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ f v ϑ s z ṣ ẓ x ǵ xw h ts dz ĉ ĵ f v th s z sh zh x gh xw h ts dz ch dj Morphology and syntax