- This is Sketch C, based on the premises stated in the description of commission N°271 in the LCS's Jobs Board. This should probably furthermore be seen primarily as a sketching exercise, since I'm not very likely to be able to meet the stated deadline.
| Premise as stated in the job description:
|
| "Vaguely Afghan — mountain primitives and coastal dwellers (depending) — we only meet the mountain primitives — with a territory-raiding and cross-breeding relationship to (A)."
|
Phonology and orthography
Phonology
Vowels
|
|
Front
|
Near-front
|
Central
|
Near-back
|
Back
|
| Close
|
|
i(ː)
u(ː)
e(ː)
o(ː)
ə
æ
äː
ɒ
|
|
| Near‑close
|
| Close‑mid
|
| Mid
|
| Open‑mid
|
| Near‑open
|
| Open
|
Consonants
|
|
Labial
|
Coronal
|
Dorsal
|
Labiovelar
|
Laryngeal
|
| Bilabial
|
Labiodental
|
Dental
|
Alveolar
|
Palatoalveolar
|
Retroflex
|
Palatal
|
Velar
|
Uvular
|
Glottal
|
| Plosive
|
p
|
b
|
|
|
t
|
d
|
|
|
|
|
[ʈ]
|
[ɖ]
|
|
|
k
|
g
|
[q]
|
[ɢ]
|
|
|
ʔ
|
| Nasal
|
|
m
|
|
|
|
|
|
n
|
|
|
|
[ɳ]
|
|
ɲ
|
|
ŋ
|
|
|
|
ŋʷ
|
|
| Trill
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
r
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tap/flap
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɾ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Fricative
|
ɸ
|
β
|
[f]
|
[v]
|
θ
|
[ð]
|
s
|
z
|
ʃ
|
ʒ
|
[ʂ]
|
[ʐ]
|
[ç]
|
[ʝ]
|
x
|
ɣ
|
|
|
xʷ
|
|
h
|
| Africate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ʦ
|
ʣ
|
ʧ
|
ʤ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Approximant
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɹ
|
|
|
|
|
|
j
|
|
|
|
|
|
w
|
|
| Lateral Appr.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
l
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phonotaxis
Syllable structure
Syllables may be structured as (C)(S)V(S)(C(C)), consisting of an optional syllable onset, one consonant; an obligatory syllable nucleus, a vowel optionally preceded by and/or followed by a semivowel; and an optional syllable coda, one or two consonants. The following restrictions apply:
- Onset
- Consonant (C): can be any consonant. (composed only of one consonant; consonant clusters are only found in loanwords, sometimes an epenthetic /ə/ is inserted between consonants.)
- Nucleus
- Semivowel (S)
- Vowel (V)
- Semivowel (S)
- Coda
- First consonant (C): can be any consonant.
- Second consonant (C): can also be any consonant (mostly /d/, /k/, /s/, /t/, & /z/).
Allophony
| Phoneme |
Allophone |
Environment
|
|
|
|
Clusters
| /tl/, /kl/, /bl/, /ɣl/, /lm/, /nm/, /lw/, /sw/, /br/, /tr/, /ɣr/, /pr/, /dr/, /wr/, /kɹ/, /mɹ/, /xp/, /pʃ/, /pʂ/, /xr/, /zb/, /ʒb/, /ʣm/, /mʣ/, /ʦk/, /sk/, /sp/, /ʃp/, /ʂk/, /xk/, /ʃk/, /kʃ/, /kx/, /kʂ/, /ml/, /gm/, /ʐm/
|
Orthography
Latin transcription
| IPA |
i |
iː |
e |
eː |
o |
oː |
u |
uː |
ɒ |
äː |
æ |
ə
|
| Romanization |
i |
ī |
e |
ē |
o |
ō |
u |
ū |
a |
ā |
ä |
ë
|
| IPA |
p |
b |
t |
d |
k |
g |
ʔ |
m |
n |
ɲ |
ŋ |
ŋʷ |
r |
ɹ |
l |
j |
w
|
| Romanization |
p |
b |
t |
d |
k |
g |
' |
m |
n |
ń |
ṇ |
ṇw |
ŕ |
r |
l |
y |
w
|
| Alternative romanization |
p |
b |
t |
d |
k |
g |
' |
m |
n |
ny |
ng |
ngw |
rr |
rh |
l |
y |
w
|
|
|
| IPA |
ɸ |
β |
θ |
s |
z |
ʃ |
ʒ |
ç |
ʝ |
x |
ɣ |
xʷ |
h |
ʦ |
ʣ |
ʧ |
ʤ
|
| Romanization |
f |
v |
ϑ |
s |
z |
ṣ |
ẓ |
ĉ |
ĵ |
x |
ǵ |
xw |
h |
ts |
dz |
ć |
ś
|
| Alternative romanization |
f |
v |
th |
s |
z |
sh |
zh |
sy |
gy |
x |
gh |
xw |
h |
ts |
dz |
ch |
dj
|
Morphology and syntax
