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| ==Modern Spanish== | | ==Tsan== |
| '''Kasteyanu moernu''' - [kaht̪e̞ˈd͡ʒãnʊ mɔˈʋe̞rnʊ]
| | {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsible" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;" |
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| [ʊɱˈfrɪːə məɲˈjanə ˈlə ˈbʒẽ̞tʊ aː ə̃pe̞ˈzað̞ʊ ə zʊplaː zɔβ̞rə ʊmpe̞ˈkɪɲjʊ pwe̞β̞lʊ kaʊ̯ˈzãð̞ʊ ðe̞tːˈrɔsɔ | ke̞ː ʍe̞rtə zɔ zə ˈhaɪ̯tawə lə ˈbʒẽ̞tʊ ʊnːʊβˈzɪtə kə lʊ ɔsːe̞rˈβaʋə lə aː ˈðɪʃʊ | tʊ tə ˈkrɪə mʊ ˈʍe̞rtə prʊ ʎə zɔl e̞ maː ˈʍe̞rtə kə tʊ| mɔˈʎɪtːʊ lə ˈbʒẽ̞tʊ aː β̞ʊskað̞ʊ alˈsɔl ɪ lə aː ˈðɪʃʊ | be̞z a aˈke̞ʎ ɔ̃βrə kɔ̃ zʊˈkapə | kʃẽ̞ː ˈlɔɣrə kɪˈtaːze̞ʎə zəˈra maː ˈʍe̞rtə]
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| For funzies.
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| ==Kiwi'==
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| '''Ta’ rī kiwinika’''' - /taʔ rɪː qɯˌwɪɲɪˈqɑʔ/
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |
| |+ '''Consonants'''
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| !
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| ![[w:labial consonant|Labial]]
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| ![[w:alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
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| ![[w:dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]
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| ![[w:glottal consonant|Glottal]]
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| |- align=center
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| ![[w:Nasal stop|Nasal]]
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| | m
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| | n
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| | ɲ ~ ŋ ~ ɴ
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| |- align=center
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| ![[w:plosive consonant|Plosive]]
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| | p
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| | t
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| | c ~ k ~ q
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| | ʔ
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| |- align=center
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| ![[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
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| | h
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| |- align=center
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| ![[w:approximant consonant|Approximant]]
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| | w ~ v
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| | l
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| |- align=center
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| ![[w:Tap consonant|Tap]]
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| | ɾ
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| |}
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| {| class="nounderlines" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center; background:transparent;"
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| |+''' Vowels'''
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| |- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"
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| | style="width:60px;" | '''Front'''
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| | style="width:60px;" | '''Near-front'''
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| | style="width:60px;" | '''Central'''
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| | style="width:60px;" | '''Near-back'''
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| | style="width:60px;" | '''Back'''
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| |- | | |- |
| | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close'''
| | ! colspan="7"|Stative and dynamic affixes |
| | style="height:210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;width:300px;height:210px;">[[Image:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg|300px]]<div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;">
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| {| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;"
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| |- | | |- |
| | style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;" |
| | ! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|<small>person</small> → |
| | | ! scope="col"|1 |
| <!-- CLOSE VOWELS -->
| | ! scope="col"|2 |
| <div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; none;"></div>
| | ! scope="col"|3.PROX (3) |
| <div style="position:absolute; left:77%; width:3em; top:6%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">u</div>
| | ! scope="col"|3.OBV (4) |
| | | ! scope="col"|0 |
| <!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS -->
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| <div style="position:absolute; left:29%; width:2.33em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">ɪ</div>
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| <div style="position:absolute; left:47.5%; width:2.66em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;"></div>
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| <!-- CLOSE-MID VOWELS -->
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| <div style="position:absolute; left:16%; width:2.66em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:none;"></div>
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| <!-- MID VOWELS -->
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| <div style="position:absolute; left:24.4%; width:2.33em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">e̞</div>
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| <div style="position:absolute; left:53%; width:2.66em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">ə</div>
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| <div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.66em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">o̞</div>
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| <!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS -->
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| <!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS -->
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| <!-- OPEN VOWELS -->
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| <div style="position:absolute; left:43%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">a</div>
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| <div style="position:absolute; left:83.8%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">ɑ</div>
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| |} | |
| </div></div>
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| |- | | |- |
| | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near‑close''' | | | ''-w-'' |
| | | ''-k-'' |
| | | - |
| | | ''-y-'' |
| | | ''-h-'' |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close‑mid'''
| | ! colspan="7"|Stative |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Mid'''
| | ! scope="row"|<small>homus</small> |
| |- | | | ''-á-'' |
| | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open‑mid''' | | | ''-wá'' |
| | | ''-ká'' |
| | | - |
| | | ''-yá'' |
| | | ''-há'' |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near‑open'''
| | ! scope="row"|<small>heterus</small> |
| | | ''-í-'' |
| | | ''-wí'' |
| | | ''-kí'' |
| | | ''-í'' |
| | | ''-yi'' |
| | | ''-hí'' |
| |- | | |- |
| | style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open'''
| | ! scope="row"|<small>plural</small> |
| |}
| | | colspan="6" rowspan="1"| Suffixing of ''-n'' |
| ===Grammar===
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| ====Verbs====
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| Transivity direction; subject > object.
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center; width:700px;"
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| ! colspan="17"|Bipersonal affixes
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| |- | | |- |
| ! colspan="2" rowspan="2"| Object→<br />Subject↓ | | ! colspan="7"|Dynamic |
| ! colspan="5"| singular
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| ! colspan="5"| dual
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| ! colspan="5"| plural
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| |- | | |- |
| !0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 !! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 | | ! scope="row"|<small>homus</small> |
| | | ''-u-'' |
| | |''wu-'' |
| | |''ku-'' |
| | |''u-'' |
| | |''yu-'' |
| | |''hu-'' |
| |- | | |- |
| ! rowspan="5"| singular | | ! scope="row"|<small>heterus</small> |
| ! 0
| | |''-a-'' |
| | - | | |''wa-'' |
| | | | |''ka-'' |
| | | | |''a-'' |
| | | | |''ya-'' |
| | | | |''ha-'' |
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| |- | | |- |
| ! 1 | | ! scope="row"|<small>plural</small> |
| | | | | colspan="6" rowspan="1"|Partial reduplication of dynamic prefix ''CV- > CVCV-'' |
| | - | | |} |
| |ki- | | {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible mw-collapsible" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;" |
| |ke'a-
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| |hē-
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| |tu-
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| ! 4 | | ! colspan="7"|Alienable and inalienable affixes |
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| |mani-
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| ! rowspan="5"|dual | | ! colspan="2" rowspan="2"|<small>person</small> → |
| ! 0 | | ! scope="col"|1 |
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| | ! scope="col"|2 |
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| | ! scope="col"|3.PROX (3) |
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| | ! scope="col"|3.OBV (4) |
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| | ! scope="col"|0 |
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| | - | | | - |
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| | | | | ''-h-'' |
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| ! 2 | | ! colspan="7"|Alienable |
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| ! 3 | | ! scope="row"|<small>homus</small> |
| | | | | rowspan="2"|''-uni-'' |
| | | | | rowspan="2"| ''wuni-'' |
| | | | | rowspan="2"| ''kuni-'' |
| | | | | rowspan="2"|''uni-'' |
| | | | | rowspan="2"|''yuni-'' |
| | | | | rowspan="2"|''huni-'' |
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| ! 4 | | ! scope="row"|<small>heterus</small> |
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| ! rowspan="5"|plural | | ! scope="row"|<small>plural</small> |
| ! 0
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| ! 1 | | ! colspan="7"|Inalienable |
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| ! 2 | | ! scope="row"|<small>homus</small> |
| | | | | rowspan="2"|''-yu-'' |
| | | | | rowspan="2"|''wyu-'' |
| | | | | rowspan="2"|''kyu-'' |
| | | | | rowspan="2"|''yu-'' |
| | | | | rowspan="2"|''yu-'' |
| | | | | rowspan="2"|''hyu-'' |
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| ! 3 | | ! scope="row"|<small>heterus</small> |
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| ! 4 | | ! scope="row"|<small>plural</small> |
| | | | | colspan="6" rowspan="1"|Partial reduplication of inalienable prefix ''CV- > CVCV-'' |
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| |} | | |} |
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| ==Glossy glossy== | | ==Modern Spanish== |
| Nota bene:
| | '''Kasteyanu moernu''' - [kaht̪e̞ˈd͡ʒãnʊ mɔˈʋe̞rnʊ] |
| *Marked animate: I
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| *Marked inanimate: II
| | [ʊɱˈfrɪːə məɲˈjanə ˈlə ˈbʒẽ̞tʊ aː ə̃pe̞ˈzað̞ʊ ə zʊplaː zɔβ̞rə ʊmpe̞ˈkɪɲjʊ pwe̞β̞lʊ kaʊ̯ˈzãð̞ʊ ðe̞tːˈrɔsɔ | ke̞ː ʍe̞rtə zɔ zə ˈhaɪ̯tawə lə ˈbʒẽ̞tʊ ʊnːʊβˈzɪtə kə lʊ ɔsːe̞rˈβaʋə lə aː ˈðɪʃʊ | tʊ tə ˈkrɪə mʊ ˈʍe̞rtə prʊ ʎə zɔl e̞ maː ˈʍe̞rtə kə tʊ| mɔˈʎɪtːʊ lə ˈbʒẽ̞tʊ aː β̞ʊskað̞ʊ alˈsɔl ɪ lə aː ˈðɪʃʊ | be̞z a aˈke̞ʎ ɔ̃βrə kɔ̃ zʊˈkapə | kʃẽ̞ː ˈlɔɣrə kɪˈtaːze̞ʎə zəˈra maː ˈʍe̞rtə] |
| *Unmarked animate: III
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| *Unmarked inanimate: IV
| | For funzies. |
| | |
| | ==Ashanti== |
| | '''As ashanti''' - /as ͜ aˈʃãˑtɪ/ |
| | |
| | {{Gloss |
| | |phrase = A àta ta krá |
| | |IPA = /a aːta ta kʁaʔ/ |
| | |morphemes = a àta ta krá |
| | |gloss = IMP NEC you.2SG.ACT to_come.PRS |
| | |translation = Come! You have to! |
| | }} |
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| | ==Ajami== |
| | '''Al-ājami''' - /æɫˈæːd͡ʒəmɪ/ |
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| {{Gloss | | {{Gloss |
| |phrase = Thērouna nasērne. | | |phrase = Jamāʻa as-sunnām wah ad-dinī. |
| |IPA = /tʰeːˈrʊna naˈseːrnɛ/ | | |IPA = /d͡ʒæˈmæːʔə æsːunˈnæːm wæɦ ædˤːɪˈnɪː/ |
| |morphemes = thēr-∅-{{red|ouna}} nasēr-ne | | |morphemes = jamāʻa as-sunnāh wah ad-dinī |
| |gloss = go.ACT-IND.PRFV-AGT.1.SG boat.III-INS.SG | | |gloss = to_welcome/IMP.2SG.LOW the.DEF.III.SG-people.III.ACC.SG to there |
| |translation = We go by boat. | | |translation = Welcome the people there. |
| }} | | }} |
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| | *« ''Jā jihāʻuma ar-rasāyyah rījan i rūnan, abhir inajihāʻumān duni. Assadām.'' » |
| | *:"You have let most of the women and men out, but you have not yet let the dogs out. You should." |
| | |
| | ==Glossy glossy== |
| {{Gloss | | {{Gloss |
| |phrase = Napsantan as... | | |phrase = we’akima’orī |
| |IPA = /naˈpsantan as/ | | |IPA = /wɛʔaqɯmaʔɔˈrɨː/ |
| |morphemes = napsa-ntas-n as | | |morphemes = we’a-ki-ma’orī |
| |gloss = learn.ACT-PCP-INS.SG this.PROX.3.SG | | |gloss = 1>3-SG-to_kill |
| |translation = By learning this... | | |translation = I kill him. |
| }} | | }} |
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| {{Gloss | | {{Gloss |
| |phrase = Ankis mia skhasto igan mia. | | |phrase = we’akimani’orī |
| |IPA = /ˈancɪs mʊ ˈsxastɔ ˈɪkʼan mʊ/ | | |IPA = /wɛʔaqɯmanɪʔɔˈrɨː/ |
| |morphemes = ankis-∅ mou skha-ist-o i | | |morphemes = we’a-ki-ma<ni>’orī |
| |gloss = elbow.III-PAT.DC my.GEN.1.SG scratch.ACT-IND.IPFV-INV.PAT.1.SG nail.II-INS.DC my.GEN.1.SG | | |gloss = 1>3-SG-to_kill<FUT> |
| |translation = I scratch my shoulders with my nails. | | |translation = I will kill him. |
| }} | | }} |
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| | {{Gloss |
| | |phrase = kiwe’akimani’orī |
| | |IPA = /qɯwɛʔaqɯmaʔɔˈrɨː/ |
| | |morphemes = ki-we’a-ki-ma<ni>’orī |
| | |gloss = 1SG>3SG-to_kill<FUT> |
| | |translation = I will kill him. |
| | }} |
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| {{Gloss | | {{Gloss |
| |phrase = {{red|Lemner}} me tagī. | | |phrase = kiwe’amani’orī |
| |IPA = /ʎɛmˈnɛr mɛ taˈkʼɪː/ | | |IPA = /qɯwɛʔamaʔɔˈrɨː/ |
| |morphemes = lemn-er me tag-∅-ines | | |morphemes = ki-we’a-ma<ni>’orī |
| |gloss = stone.II-{{red|AGT}}.SG me.1.PAT.SG hit.ACT-IND.PRFV-3.INV.PAT.SG | | |gloss = SG-1>3-to_kill<FUT> |
| |translation = *Stones* hit me. | | |translation = I will kill them. |
| }} | | }} |
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| {{Gloss | | {{Gloss |
| |phrase = Entagio {{blue|lemnanta}}. | | |phrase = kiwe’anomani’orī |
| |IPA = /ˈɛntakʼjɔ ʎɛmˈnanta/ | | |IPA = /qɯwɛʔanɔmaʔɔˈrɨː/ |
| |morphemes = en-tagi-∅-o lemn-anta | | |morphemes = ki-we’a-no-ma<ni>’orī |
| |gloss = MED.hit.IND-PRFV-1.SG.PAT stone.III-{{blue|INS}}.PL | | |gloss = SG-1>3-PL-to_kill<FUT> |
| |translation = I am hit with stones. | | |translation = I will kill them. |
| }} | | }} |
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| {{Gloss | | {{Gloss |
| |phrase = Tagia me {{blue|lemnanta}}. | | |phrase = nowe’amani’orī |
| |IPA = /ˈtakʼjas mɛ ʎɛmˈnanta/ | | |IPA = /nɔqɯwɛʔamaʔɔˈrɨː/ |
| |morphemes = tagi-∅-s me lemn-anta | | |morphemes = no-we’a-ma<ni>’orī |
| |gloss = hit.ACT.IND-PRFV-2.SG.INV.PAT me.1.PAT.SG stone.II-{{blue|INS}}.PL | | |gloss = PL-1>3-to_kill<FUT> |
| |translation = You hit me with stones. | | |translation = We will kill him. |
| }} | | }} |
| | |
| | [[Category:User:Waahlis]] |