User:Waahlis/Sketches: Difference between revisions
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| Line 175: | Line 175: | ||
===2.1 The Topic and Passivisation=== | ===2.1 The Topic and Passivisation=== | ||
{| cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em;" | |||
|+ | |||
<!-- Sentence --> | |||
| colspan="9"|'''Éshis thagátsan yéenínayih.''' | |||
! | |||
| colspan="8"| '''Éshi thagátsan yéenínayis.''' | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Pronunciation--> | |||
| colspan="9"|/ɛ́ɕɪs θaqát͡san jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪh/ | |||
! | |||
| colspan="8"|/lɛ́ɕɪ θaqát͡san jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪs/ | |||
! | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Morphemes--> | |||
|esh | |||
| -i- | |||
| -s | |||
|‹tha› | |||
|gátsa | |||
| ‹n› | |||
|‹yée› | |||
|nína | |||
|‹yih› | |||
! | |||
|esh | |||
| -i | |||
|‹tha› | |||
|gátsa | |||
| ‹n› | |||
|‹yée› | |||
|nína | |||
|‹yis› | |||
! | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Gloss--> | |||
|bark | |||
|{{sc|..rel.3.n.sg}} | |||
|{{sc|topic}} | |||
|‹{{sc|past.perf.3.n.s}}› | |||
|bite | |||
|‹{{sc|past.perf.3.n.s}}› | |||
|‹{{sc|.rel.3.f.s}}› | |||
|be girly | |||
|‹{{sc|.rel.3.f.s}}› | |||
! | |||
|bark | |||
|{{sc|..rel.3.n.sg}} | |||
|‹{{sc|past.perf.3.n.s}}› | |||
|bite | |||
|‹{{sc|past.perf.3.n.s}}› | |||
|‹{{sc|.rel.3.f.s}}› | |||
|be girly | |||
|‹{{sc|.rel.3.f.s + topic}}› | |||
! | |||
|- | |||
<!-- Translations --> | |||
| colspan="9"| ''The DOG bit the girl.'' | |||
! | |||
| colspan="8"| ''The dog bit the GIRL.'' or ''The GIRL was bitten by the dog'' | |||
|} | |||
===2.2 The Topic and Incorporation=== | ===2.2 The Topic and Incorporation=== | ||
===2.3 The Topic and the Relativiser=== | ===2.3 The Topic and the Relativiser=== | ||
Revision as of 11:00, 16 April 2013
On the Syntax and Topic of Tsan
1. Dynamic and Stative verbals
| Árá gáari. | Árá ágáari. | Árá ságáari. | |||||||||||||
| /áɣa cáːɣɪ/ | /áɣa acáːɣɪ/ | /áɣa sacáːɣɪ/ | |||||||||||||
| á- | rá | gáar | -i | á- | rá | á- | gáar | -i | á- | rá | sá- | gáar | -i | ||
| dyn.pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | read | .stat.rel.3.n.sg |
|
dyn.pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | dyn.pres.perf.1.m.sg. | read | .rel |
|
dyn.pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | dyn.pres.perf.2.m.sg. | read | .rel |
| I like the book. | I like when I read. (I like to read) | I like when you read. | |||||||||||||
2. The Topic
| Árás gáari. | Árá gáaris. | Árátsa gáaris | |||||||||||||||
| /áɣa cáːɣɪs/ | /áɣas cáːɣɪ/ | /áɣatsa cáːɣɪs/ | |||||||||||||||
| á- | rá | -s | gáar | -i | á- | rá | gáar | -i- | -s | á- | rá | tsa | gáar | -i | -s | ||
| pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | topic | read | .stat.rel.3.n.sg |
|
pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | read | .stat.rel.3.n.sg | topic |
|
pres.perf.1.m.sg. | like | neg. | read | .stat.rel.3.n.sg | topic |
| As for me, I like the book. | I like the BOOK.1 | I DON'T like the book. | |||||||||||||||
- In English, one would stress the subject in the second sentence, I, but the book would still be the topic: "I don't like the book, but you do".
2.1 The Topic and Passivisation
| Éshis thagátsan yéenínayih. | Éshi thagátsan yéenínayis. | |||||||||||||||||
| /ɛ́ɕɪs θaqát͡san jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪh/ | /lɛ́ɕɪ θaqát͡san jɛ́ːnɪ́najɪs/ | |||||||||||||||||
| esh | -i- | -s | ‹tha› | gátsa | ‹n› | ‹yée› | nína | ‹yih› | esh | -i | ‹tha› | gátsa | ‹n› | ‹yée› | nína | ‹yis› | ||
| bark | ..rel.3.n.sg | topic | ‹past.perf.3.n.s› | bite | ‹past.perf.3.n.s› | ‹.rel.3.f.s› | be girly | ‹.rel.3.f.s› | bark | ..rel.3.n.sg | ‹past.perf.3.n.s› | bite | ‹past.perf.3.n.s› | ‹.rel.3.f.s› | be girly | ‹.rel.3.f.s + topic› | ||
| The DOG bit the girl. | The dog bit the GIRL. or The GIRL was bitten by the dog | |||||||||||||||||