Historical Sound Changes from Proto-Germanic to East Germanic (ca. 400b.c.-0)
Historical Sound Changes from East-Germanic to Gothic (ca. 0-400a.d.)
[these changes still need to be ordered correctly]
First Umlaut
Has to precede Mora Loss
Has to precede ŋ-deletion
Ŋ-Deletion
Intervocalic Spirantization
EGmc Reflex of 1st Umlaut
Monophthongization
Stage I has to precede Mora Loss
Mora Loss
Coronal Consonant Deletion
Unstr. Final Short Vowel Deletion
Final Unstr. Long Vowel Shortening
z-Deletion, Obstruent Devoicing
h-Deletion
Long Vowel Lowering
Glide Gemination (EGmc Verschärfung Stage I)
Glide Insertion
m-Assimilation
Change of Initial fl to þl
r,n-Dissimilation
Change of am to um, Post-tonic e to a
Thurneysen's Law
EGmc Verschärfung Stage II
Historical Sound Changes from Gothic to Old Gutish (ca. 400-800a.d.)
Expansion of Gothic Glide Insertion
Obstruent Devoicing (Persistent)
Geminate Simplification (Type I, Persistent)
Intervocalic Voiced Stop to Fricative Expansion
Stop Insertion after Nasals
Expansion of East Germanic /fl/-to-/θl/
Voicing and Devoicing of Obstruent Clusters
Clitic Separation
Geminate Simplification (Type II, Synchronic)
Short Vowel Lengthening
Expansion of East Germanic Verschärfung
Long Diphthong Extension
Glide Deletion
Deletion of Final Unstressed /a/
Diphthong Changes
Historical Sound Changes from Old to Middle Gutish (ca. 800-1200a.d.)
Rejection of Greek Fricatives
Rhotacism
Stressed Long Vowel Raising
Vowel Tensing
Deletion and Assimilation of /h/
Palatalisation & Affrication
Unstressed Vowel Reduction and Deletion
Historical Sound Changes from Middle to Classical Gutish (ca. 1200-1600a.d.)
Unstressed Vowel Reduction and Deletion
Unpacking
Deletion of /b,f/
Deletion of /g/ between Nasals