Verse talk:Danterlokhan/Even when issues arise: Difference between revisions

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<!--
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
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II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
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==Background==
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
<!-- Example categories/headings:
Goals
Setting
Inspiration
-->
<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
Vowel inventory
Consonant inventory
Syllable structure
Stress
Intonation
-->
==Phonology==
==Consonant charts==
===Pulmonic consonants===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 884px; text-align:center;"
!  style="width: 68px; "|
!  style="width: 68px; "|Bilabial
!  style="width: 68px; "|Labio-dental
!  style="width: 68px; "|Dental
!  style="width: 68px; "|Alveolar
!  style="width: 68px; "|Post-alveolar
!  style="width: 68px; "|Retroflex
!  style="width: 68px; "|Alveolo-palatal
!  style="width: 68px; "|Palatal
!  style="width: 68px; "|Velar
!  style="width: 68px; "|Uvular
!  style="width: 68px; "|Pharyngeal
!  style="width: 68px; "|Epiglottal
!  style="width: 68px; "|Glottal
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Nasal
| m
| ɱ
|
| n
|
|
|
| ɲ
| ŋ
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|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Plosive
| p b
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| t d
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| k g
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|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Affricate
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| t͡ʃ d͡ʒ
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|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Fricative
|
| f v
| θ
| s z<br>
| ʃ ʒ
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| h
|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Approximant
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| j
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|-
! style="text-align: center; "|Trill
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| r
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! style="text-align: center; "|Flap or tap
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| ɾ
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! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral fric.
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! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral app.
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| l
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! style="text-align: center; "|Lateral flap
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|}
==Vowel chart==
{| class="nounderlines" cellspacing="0px" cellpadding=0 style="text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|- style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller;"
||
| style="width:60px;" | '''Front'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-front'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Central'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Near-back'''
| style="width:60px;" | '''Back'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close'''
| style="height:210px;" colspan=5 rowspan=7 | <div style="position:relative;width:300px;height:210px;">[[Image:Blank vowel trapezoid.svg|300px]]<div style="background:transparent; position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px;">
{| style="position:relative; width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;"
|-
| style="width:300px; height:210px; text-align:center; background:transparent;" |
<!-- CLOSE VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
i</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:43.5%; width:2.33em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
ɨ</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:82%; width:3em; top:2%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
u</div>
<!-- NEAR-CLOSE VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:29%; width:2.33em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:47.5%; width:2.66em; top:16%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
</div>
<div style="position: absolute; left: 69%; width: 1.5em; top: 16%; height: 1.33em; font-size: 120%; background: white;"></div>
<!-- CLOSE-MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:16%; width:2.66em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
e</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:47.5%; width:2.8em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.66em; top:30%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
o</div>
<!-- MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:24.4%; width:2.33em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
e̞</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:57.5%; width:1em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
ə</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:83%; width:2.66em; top:44%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
</div>
<!-- OPEN-MID VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:29.5%; width:2.66em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
ɛ</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:57.6%; width:2.33em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:84.5%; width:2.33em; top:58%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
ɔ</div>
<!-- NEAR-OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:38%; width:1.66em; top:73%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
æ</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:64.2%; width:1em; top:73%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
ɐ</div>
<!-- OPEN VOWELS -->
<div style="position:absolute; left:43%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
a</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:66.9%; width:1em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
/div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:83.8%; width:2.66em; top:86%; height:1.33em; font-size:120%; background:white;">
</div>
|}
</div></div>
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near‑close'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Close‑mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open‑mid'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Near‑open'''
|-
| style="height:30px; font-size:smaller; text-align:right;" | '''Open'''
|}
[[Category:Guides]]
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
While the original vocabulary of National Simphonian comes from Shifer, centuries of use allowed it to borrow words from other languages, thereby ensuring diverse forms of syllables.
===Orthography===
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. -->
{|
|-
| Аа || Бб || Вв || Гᴤ || Dd || Ее || Ĕĕ || Жж || Ӡӡ || Θθ || Qq || Ии || Йй || DZʤ || Кк || Λλ 
|-
|  a ||  b ||  v ||  g ||  d ||  e || yo || zh || z  || th || h  || i  ||  y ||  j ||  k || l
|-
| Мм || Нн || Оо || Пп || Рр || Сс || Тт || Уу || Хх || Фф || Чч || Шʃ || Ыы || Яя || Ээ || Юю
|-
| m  || n  || o  || p  || r  || s  || t  || u  || kh || ph || ch || sh ||  y || ya || ye || yu
|}
The table above shows the National Simphonian Alphabet together with the transliteration scheme commonly used. Up until now, there is no official romanization scheme set by the Simphonian Language Body.
The letter /y/ is used to stand for both [ɨ] and [j]. In general, which is represented can easily be determined:
1. /y/ represents [ɨ] if it is between two consonants. If [ɨ] is preceded or followed by a vowel, a hyphen is used to separate it from the vowel.
2. /y/ represents [j] if it precedes or follows a vowel.
==Grammar==
===Morphology===
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
====Nouns====
Nouns are generally not declined, except for marking possession, which varies among dialects of National Simphonian. The possession suffix commonly used is /i/, which is prevalent among Shifer, Waerun, and Kanopher speakers.
Numbers
====Adjectives====
Adjectives are either in native form or derived. In the case of latter, the suffix /-la/ is used to derive an adjective from a noun.
Adjectives either precede or follow the noun. If the adjective has /-la/ suffix, it must precede the noun; otherwise it must follow the noun. For noun phrases,
====Verbs====
The verb generally takes this form:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| root || /ra/ || tense || transitivity
|}
Verbs are either transitive (marked by /-o/)or intransitive (marked by /-a/).
The tenses are perfect, aorist, present, future I and future II. Future I marks a future action that will happen regardless of the situation. Future II is used to mark a future action that the actor decided to do because of current situation.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tense !! English !! National Simphonian
|-
| Perfect  || I ate.        || Yearado.
|-
| Aorist    || I was eating.  || Yearago.
|-
| Present  || I am eating.  || Yearaso.
|-
| Future I  || I will eat.    || Yearalo.
|-
| Future II || I WILL eat.    || Yearayo.
|}
====Adverbs====
Adverbs follow the verb and use the suffix /-lne/. The same marker is used in describing other aspect of verbs.
====Particles====
Affirmation and Negation: Yes is /jana/ while no is /nega/. They immediately follow the word they describe. In certain situations, they are used to replace other words that would usually be used instead.
====Derivational morphology====
===Syntax===
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
[[Category:Conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 08:45, 14 December 2023

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