Contionary:ϫⲉⲣⲟ

Maryan Coptic

Etymology

From ϫⲉ (ce) + ⲣⲟ (ro).

Pronunciation

• IPA: /t͡ʃəˈɾɔʔ/

Verb

ϫⲉⲣⲟ (cero)

1. (+ ⲉ̀- transitive) to mean, to signify

   ⲡⲓⲣⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓ ⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲱⲩⲛ.

   Pirē etšai efcero ce entatōun.

   The sun rising means that I have to get up.

   ⲩϧⲉⲣⳣⲟ ⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉ̀ⲩⲉⲃⲣⲏϫ.

   Uḫerwo efcero èuebrēc.

   Thunder signifies lightning.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ϫⲉⲣⲟ
infinitive		ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲣⲟ	negative infinitive		ⲉ̀ϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ
imperative		ϫⲉⲣⲟ	negative imperative		ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲣϫⲉⲣⲟ
		singular					plural
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
Durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
present	simple present	ϯϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲧⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲥⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
	relative	ⲉϯϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
future	simple future	ϯⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲕⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
	conditional	ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
	relative	ⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
Non-durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
past	affirmative	ⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
	negative	ⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
	affirmative preterite	ⲛⲉⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
	negative preterite	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
	relative	ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
aorist	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
	negative	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
optative	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲕⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉϥⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲥⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲩⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ
	negative	ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲛⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
jussive, causative	jussive	ⲙⲁⲣⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲙⲁⲣⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
	affirmative causative	ⲑⲣⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲑⲣⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲑⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲑⲣⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲑⲣⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲑⲣⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲑⲣⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
	negative causative	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
Subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
conditional	affirmative	ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ
	negative	ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ
conjunctive	affirmative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
	negative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲛⲧⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ
limitative, expectative	limitative	ϣⲁϯϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲧⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ϣⲁⲧⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
	expectative	ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ	ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ

Derived terms

• ⲙⲉⲧϫⲉⲣⲟ (metcero)