Kirtumur
Etymology
From Proto-Kyrdan *fysa (“to think, recognise, identify”). Cognate with Kērsalur hēsa, Cirdamur iša.
Pronunciation
- (Umunesal) IPA: [ˈhɛ.sɑ]
- (Erepursal) IPA: [ˈɦy.sɑ]
Noun
hesa v intransitive
- to think, to ponder
- nakapei eihes – he/she thought what could happen.
- nahahese erra – I often think about it.
- to consider, to judge (usually antipassive construction)
- hahesē kinšuex – I think you’re right
Declension
| Active Intransitive (no reduplication)
|
| Verb forms
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| 1st person
|
2nd person
|
3rd person
|
1st person
|
2nd person
|
3rd person
|
1st person
|
2nd person
|
3rd person
|
| Affirmative
|
| Imperfective
|
Present
|
hahese
|
ōhese
|
ihese
|
hahesu
|
ōhesu
|
ihesu
|
hahesit
|
ōhesit
|
ihesit
|
| Past
|
eahese
|
eōhese
|
eihese
|
eahesu
|
eōhesu
|
eihesu
|
eahesit
|
eōhesit
|
eihesit
|
| Future
|
hahesis
|
ōhesis
|
ihesis
|
hahesisu
|
ōhesisu
|
ihesisu
|
hahesisit
|
ōhesisit
|
ihesisit
|
| Aorist
|
eahes
|
eōhes
|
eihes
|
eahesu
|
eōhesu
|
eihesu
|
eahesit
|
eōhesit
|
eihesit
|
| Perfect
|
Present
|
haheset
|
ōheset
|
iheset
|
hahestu
|
ōhestu
|
ihestu
|
hahestit
|
ōhestit
|
ihestit
|
| Past
|
eaheset
|
eōheset
|
eiheset
|
eahestu
|
eōhestu
|
eihestu
|
eahestit
|
eōhestit
|
eihestit
|
| Irrealis
|
Present Subjunctive
|
pōhes
|
paōhes
|
peihes
|
pōhesu
|
paōhesu
|
peihesu
|
pōhesit
|
paōhesit
|
peihesit
|
| Future
|
hepōhes
|
hepaōhes
|
hepeihes
|
hepōhesu
|
hepaōhesu
|
hepeihesu
|
hepōhesit
|
hepaōhesit
|
hepeihesit
|
| Optative
|
kurahes
|
kurōhes
|
kurihes
|
kurahesu
|
kurōhesu
|
kurihesu
|
kurahesit
|
kurōhesit
|
kurihesit
|
| Imperative
|
heseya
|
| Negative
|
| Imperfective
|
Present
|
ŋihese
|
ŋōhese
|
kihese
|
ŋihesu
|
ŋōhesu
|
kihesu
|
ŋihesit
|
ŋōhesit
|
kihesit
|
| Past
|
iŋihese
|
eŋōhese
|
ikihese
|
iŋihesu
|
eŋōhesu
|
ikihesu
|
iŋihesit
|
eŋōhesit
|
ikihesit
|
| Future
|
ŋihesis
|
ŋōhesis
|
kihesis
|
ŋihesisu
|
ŋōhesisu
|
kihesisu
|
ŋihesisit
|
ŋōhesisit
|
kihesisit
|
| Aorist
|
iŋihes
|
eŋōhes
|
ikihes
|
iŋihesu
|
eŋōhesu
|
ikihesu
|
iŋihesit
|
eŋōhesit
|
ikihesit
|
| Perfect
|
Present
|
ŋiheset
|
ŋōheset
|
kiheset
|
ŋihestu
|
ŋōhestu
|
kihestu
|
ŋihestit
|
ŋōhestit
|
kihestit
|
| Past
|
iŋiheset
|
eŋōheset
|
ikiheset
|
iŋihestu
|
eŋōhestu
|
ikihestu
|
iŋihestit
|
eŋōhestit
|
ikihestit
|
| Irrealis
|
Present Subjunctive
|
paŋihes
|
paŋōhes
|
pakihes
|
paŋihesu
|
paŋōhesu
|
pakihesu
|
paŋihesit
|
paŋōhesit
|
pakihesit
|
| Future
|
hepaŋihes
|
hepaŋōhes
|
hepakihes
|
hepaŋihesu
|
hepaŋōhesu
|
hepakihesu
|
hepaŋihesit
|
hepaŋōhesit
|
hepakihesit
|
| Optative
|
kurŋihes
|
kurŋōhes
|
kurkihes
|
kurŋihesu
|
kurŋōhesu
|
kurkihesu
|
kurŋihesit
|
kurŋōhesit
|
kurkihesit
|
| Imperative
|
ma heseya
|
| Infinitives
|
Affirmative
|
Negative
|
| Imperfective
|
hesa
|
hesakha
|
| Aorist
|
hesei
|
heseikha
|
| Future
|
heseis
|
heseiska
|
| Perfect
|
hestei
|
hesteikha
|
|
| Participles
|
Present
|
Past
|
| (affirmative)
|
(negative)
|
(affirmative)
|
(negative)
|
| Active
|
hesin
|
hesimi
|
hesanu
|
hesōmu
|
| Middle
|
hesis
|
hesisma
|
hesēs
|
hesēsma
|
| Passive
|
hesēni
|
hesēmi
|
hesauni
|
heseumi
|
| Antipassive
|
hesun
|
hesuma
|
hesōn
|
hesōma
|
|
Derived terms