Geðœd

Geðœd
Geðœd
Pronunciation	[i:ðy:d]
Created by	ManuStorm
Date	2022
Setting	Alt-history (Anglish) Europe
Native to	Anglish Britain
Language family	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Old English Geðœd
Early form	Middle Geðœd
Standard form	Standart Written Geðœd
Dialects	American British

Classification and Dialects

Geðœd (Brit.: [ji:ðy:t], Am.: [i:ðy:d]) is a fictional evolution of Old English. It is a version of English without French influence.

Geðœd's current written form is from a romanization of Middle Geðœd, which was before written in runes.

Phonology

Consonants

	Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
Nasal	m	n		ŋ
Plosive	p	t		ʧ	k
	b	d		dʒ~ʒ	g
Fricative	f	θ	s	ʃ	h
	v	ð	z
Approximant	w	l	r	j

Vowels

	Front Unrounded	Front Rounded	Back
Diphtong	əi	əy	əu
Long	i:	y:	u:
High	i	y	u
Reduced	ɪ	ə	ʊ
Mid	e		o
Low-Mid	ɛ(i)	œ	ɔ(u)
Low	a

Rhotocity

Phonemes	American	Britanic
ar		aə
ər		ə
ɛr	ɛər	ɛə
er		eə
œr		œə
ɔr	ɔər	ɔə
or		oə
ɪr	ɪər	ɪə
ir		iə
iːr	iər
yr	yər	yə
yːr
ʊr	ʊər	ʊə
ur		uə
uːr	uər
əir	əjr	əjə
əyr	əyjr	əyjə
əur	əwr	əwə

Writing System

It uses the latin alphabet, minus j, w or q and adding 7 letters (æ, å, ð, œ, þ, ƿ, ȝ)

Sound	Letter
p	p
t	t
tʃ	cȝ
	c*
k or tʃ
k	k
b	b
d	d
dʒ~ʒ	cg
(silent) or j	ȝ*
j or g
	g*
g
	gg
f (v)	f*
θ (ð)	þ*
s (z)	s*
ʃ (ʒ)	sc
h (ɦ)	h
v	v
ð	ð
z	z
m	m
n	n
	nh*
ŋ	ng
l	l
	lh*
r	r
	rh*
w	ƿ
	ƿh*
ks	x
a	a
ə*
(j)a	ea*
ɛ(i)	æ*
ɛ
e	e
ɪ
iː
œ	œ
yː
ɔ(u)	å*
ɔ
o	o
ʊ
uː
i	i
əi
y	y, ie*
əy
u	u
əu

• c and g, when before vowels written with e, y or i (e, i, y, ie, ea) are pronounced like [tʃ, j], to put this "softened" sounds, you used to put ȝ after it, but now gȝ becomes ȝ, so only cȝ is used for the sound [tʃ] after a, o, u, æ, œ, å or when alone in the coda.
• ȝ is read as [j] when in the onset, in the coda is silent, to put [j] in the coda, g is used independently of what the vowel before was, to put [g], you repeat the g (Mågg [mɔg] vs Mæg [mɛj])
• f, þ and s can be pronounce as voiced if they come beetween 2 vowels or a vowel and a voiced sound, but if this occurs beetween words, then the writing wont convey it.
• "nh", "lh", "rh" and "ƿh" are purely etymological, so is it "ie" and "ea" but only when pronounced [a]
• æ and å are pronounce as diphthongs only in the british dialect, and at the ends of words.
• ea is normally pronounced [a] after labial consonants, otherwise it's pronounced [ja]

In the middle language, each vowel came in short and long form except 2 and 3 of them had a special rediced form, now this is only done in the orthography

	i	y	ie	u	e	œ	o	æ	a	ea	å
Reduced					ĕ > ɪ		ŏ > ʊ		ă > ə
Short	i > ɪ (Am.)	y > ʏ (Am.)		u > ʊ (Am.)	e > ɛ (Am.)	ø > œ	o > ɔ (Am.)		a
Long	i: > əi	y: > əy		u: > əu	e: > i:	ø: > y:	o: > u:	ɛ: > ɛ (Am.), ɛi/ɛ (Brit.)		a: > ja/a	ɔ: > ɔ (Am.), ɔu/ɔ (Brit.)

Grammar

Verbs

Geðœd has 2 types of verbs: strong and weak

Every verb can have 2 up to 4 stems.

		Present	Past
Indicative	1st Person	1-e	2-
	2nd Person	1*-(e)st	2*-(e)st
	3rd Person	1*-(e)þ/ð	2*-(e)þ/ð
	Plural	1-aþ/ði	2-on
Subjunctive	Singular	1-e	2*-e
	Plural	1-en	2*-en
Anachronic	Participle	1-ende
	Infinitive	1-(a)n

The citation form is thusly:

Infinitive (Root 1), 3rd Person Indicative Present (Root 1*), 1st Person Indicative Past (Root 2), Subjunctive Past Singular (Root 2*)

Roots 1* and 2* are optional, if not given, Roots 1 and 2 are used.

Weak Verbs are conjugated the same way but use the same root as Present Form and the suffix -de (-de, -dest, -deþ, -don, -de, -den)

cȝœzan, cieþ, ceas, cure - to choose		Present	Past
Indicative	1st Person	cȝœz-e	ceas-
	2nd Person	cie-st	cur-est
	3rd Person	cie-þ	cur-ð
	Plural	cȝœz-að	ceaz-on
Subjunctive	Singular	cȝœz-e	cur-e
	Plural	cȝœz-en	cur-en
Anachronic	Participle	cȝœz-ende
	Infinitive	cȝœz-an

secgan, sagð, sagde - to say, to tell		Present	Past
Indicative	1st Person	secg-e	sag-de
	2nd Person	sag-st	sag-dest
	3rd Person	sag-ð	sag-deþ
	Plural	secg-að	sag-don
Subjunctive	Singular	secg-e	sag-de
	Plural	secg-en	sag-den
Anachronic	Participle	secg-ende
	Infinitive	secg-an

Nouns

Nouns can be either Strong or Weak

Nouns declinate for 4 cases (Nom., Acc., Gen. and Dat.) and 2 numbers (Sin. and Plu.)

	Strong			Weak		Irregular
	Masc.	Neut.	Fem.	Masc.	Fem.
Nom. Sing.	-∅		-(o)	-(a)	-e	-
Acc. Sing.			-e	-an
Gen. and Dat. Sing.	-es
Nom. and Acc. Plu.	-as	-(o)
Gen. Plu.	-a			-ena
Dat. Plu.	-an			-om		-m

Adjectives

Adjectives long ago had gender, but now they dont inflect for gender, they conjugate the same as weak nouns, but the nominative singular form ussually comes for the strong form and thusly can be kinda irregular.

	Blue	Noble	Black	Human	Pretty	Ready
	Normal	Weak Nom.	Changes Ortho	Strong Nom.	-ig Adj.	-o Adj.
	Blåƿ	Aðela	Blac	Mensc	Pratig	Ȝaro
Nom. Sing.	Blåƿ	Aðela	Blac	Mensc	Pratig	Ȝaro
Non-Nom.	Blåƿan	Aðelan	Blacan	Menscan	Pratȝan	Ȝarƿan
Gen. Plu.	Blåƿena	Aðelena	Blakena	Menscena	Pratȝena	Ȝarƿena
Dat. Plu.	Blåƿom	Aðelom	Blacom	Menscom	Pratȝom	Ȝarƿom

Pronouns

Pronouns have 3 forms (the Accusative and dative forms are the same)

	1st S	2nd S	1st P	2nd P	3rd M	3rd F	3rd P/N	3rd Person (Archaic Neutral)
Nom.	Icȝ	Þu	Ƿe	Ge	He	Hœ	Þeg	It
Acc.	Me	Þe	Us	Œu	His	Hie	Þem
Gen.	Min	Þin	Ure	Œwer	Him	Hier	Þeir

Articles

	Singular	Plural
Nom. & Acc.	þa, þat*	þå
Gen	þas	þår
Dat.	þåm

• þat is an archaism, now replaced by þa

Syntax

Although SVO order is the most normal for affirmative and negative sentences, Theme first order is possible when one of them is singular, when both are plural, SVO takes over, for questions VSO order is the most common.

In imperative statements, the subject is ommited but the verb is still conjugated, if neccesary, a nominative pronoun can be inserted after the verb, also the imperative is used for immeadiate actions.

Cȝallast! [tʃaləst] - (You) call!

Cȝallað! [tʃaləð] - (He/She/They) call!

Cȝallað hœ! [tʃaləð hy:] - She('ll) call!

Cȝaliað! [tʃaljəð] - (We/You/They) call!

Cȝaliað Ƿe! [tʃaljəð wi:] - We('ll) call!

Lexicon

Numbers

Number have a shaky declination, vhile numbers above 3 don't decline, 1, 2 and 3 have a simplified declension

	One	Two	Three	Four	Five	Six	Seven	Eight	Nine	Ten	Eleven	Twelve
Nom/Acc	Ån	Tƿå	Þrœ [θry:]	Fœƿer [fyːwɪr]	Fif [fəif]	Six	Sœvon	Aȝta Brit.: [at:a] Am.: [jata]	Nigon	Tyn [təyn]	Enlœvan	Tƿelv
Gen	Ånes	Tƿår	Þrœr [θryə(r)]
Dat	Ånan	Tƿåm	Þrim

Numbers beetween 13 and 19 are done with the Nominative version of the number + tyn [tyn]

Outside of Tƿentig "twenty", tens are made via the suffix -tig [tɪ(j)], and tens are put before units (69: Sixtig nigon)

The word Hundred, functions in much the same way that its cognate in english and so does Þuzend [θəuzɪnd]

Months

Every year is split in 2, 6 months of Winter, 6 months of Summer, however Geðœd speakers use the Julian Calendar now.

Winter	Ƿinter	Sumor	Summer
October	Ƿinterfyll	Eastermonð [jastɪrmu:nð]	April
November	Blotmonð [blu:tmu:nð]	Þrimilcȝ	May
Yule	Ȝola [ju:lə]	Lida [ləidə]	Lide
December	Ærȝola [ɛrju:lə]	Ærlida [ɛrləidə]	June
January	Afterȝola [aftɪrju:lə]	Afterlida [aftɪrləidə]	July
February	Solmonð [solmu:nð]	Ƿœdmomð [wy:dmu:nð]	August
March	Rheðmonð [ri:ðmu:nð]	Harvestmonð [harvɪstmu:nð]	September

Example text

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Eallan menscan gescafte bœþ boren frœ and gelicȝ in ƿœrþscip and riȝtan. Þeg bœþ gievað ƿiþ intinga and ingehyȝd and scoldon dæd toƿeard ån ånoðer in gåst of broðoræden.

All-PLU men-ish-PL creation-PL to.be.pr-3S born free and alike in worth-ship and right-PL. they.NOM to.be.pr-3S give-3S with contiense and inteligence and should-PL.PAST deed towards one another in spirit of brother-hood

[jalən menʃən (j)ɪʃaftɪ byːð͜ borɪn fryː and (j)ɪləitʃ in wœrθʃɪp and rəitən θej byːθ (j)yvað wið͜ intiŋɡa and injɪhəyd and ʃoldʊn dɛd tuːwart ɔn ɔnuːðɪr in ɡɔst ov͜ bruːðʊrɛdɪn]