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:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]] | :[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]] | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wiobem-Nkahn'' or colloquially ''Wiob-Nkahn'') is | {{Infobox language | ||
|image = | |||
|imagesize = | |||
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | |||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
|nativename = ''Wiob-Nkahn'' | |||
|pronunciation= /wiob ᵑgaːn/ | |||
|familycolor=wb | |||
|fam1= [[Wiobic languages|Wiobic]] | |||
|script={{PAGENAME}} script | |||
|iso3= | |||
|notice=IPA | |||
}} | |||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''wee-OH-bee-ən''; ''Wiobem-Nkahn'' or colloquially ''Wiob-Nkahn'') is a conlang loosely inspired by Old High German, Old English and Khmer. | |||
Numbers: ßoz, klie, skah, moj, fah, ies, nteht, nuot, ngaht, ziu | |||
''ma'' = negative | ''ma'' = negative | ||
''nkelei Piontels | ''nkelei Piontels je Bojels.'' = I speak of love and hate. | ||
''Plünkßne'' = feather | |||
==Idea== | ==Idea== | ||
A "Sinospheric Finnish", or "Chinese with cases" | A "Sinospheric Finnish", or "Chinese with cases" | ||
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
Wiobian is written in an orthography created by King Kait Niumer (modern Wiobian: ''Houger Niumer Kait''; ''Kait'' is the family name). | |||
in wiobian Orthography, only Nouns are capitalized; first Words in Sentences are not capitalized unless they are Nouns. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;" | ||
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| '''m''' /m/ | | '''m''' /m/ | ||
| '''n''' /n/ | | '''n''' /n/ | ||
| ''' | | '''nj''' /ɲ/ | ||
| '''ng''' /ŋ/ | | '''ng''' /ŋ/ | ||
| | | | ||
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| '''mp''' /ᵐb/ | | '''mp''' /ᵐb/ | ||
| '''nt''' /ⁿd/ | | '''nt''' /ⁿd/ | ||
| ''' | | '''nz''' /ᶮɟ/ | ||
| '''nk''' /ᵑg/ | | '''nk''' /ᵑg/ | ||
| '''nqu''' /ᵑgʷ/ | | '''nqu''' /ᵑgʷ/ | ||
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| '''b''' /b/ | | '''b''' /b/ | ||
| '''d''' /d/ | | '''d''' /d/ | ||
| ''' | | '''dj''' /ɟ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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! | <small>plain</small> | ! | <small>plain</small> | ||
| '''f''' /f~v/ | | '''f''' /f~v/ | ||
| '''ß''' /s~z/<br/>''' | | '''ß''' /s~z/<br/>'''th''' /θ~ð/ | ||
| '''s''' /ç~ʝ/ | | '''s''' /ç~ʝ/ | ||
| | | '''g''' /x~ɣ/ | ||
| | | '''hw''' /ʍ/ | ||
| '''h''' /h/ | | '''h''' /h/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
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! colspan="2" |Liquid | ! colspan="2" |Liquid | ||
| | | | ||
| | | '''l''' /l/ | ||
| ''' | | '''r''' /ɹ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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*/b d ɟ/ are often realized as implosives. | */b d ɟ/ are often realized as implosives. | ||
*The fricatives ''ß s g'' are voiced intervocalically. | *The fricatives ''ß s g'' are voiced intervocalically. | ||
*In Modern Wiobian, '''s''' in '''sC-''' inital clusters are pronounced /x/. | |||
*In Old Wiobian, '''r''' was [r], an alveolar trill. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{{PAGENAME}} has short and long versions of the following monophthongs (except for /ə/ which only occurs in unstressed syllables). Long vowels | {{PAGENAME}} has short and long versions of the following monophthongs (except for /ə/ which only occurs in unstressed syllables). Long vowels can be marked with a following ''h''. Word-finally, vowels (except schwa) are long even without a following ''h''. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! | | ! | | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Diphthongs: '''ai au ei öü ou | Diphthongs: '''ai au ei öü ou ie io iu üö uo''' | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C)s, where V can be a vowel or a diphthong. | The syllable structure is usually (C)(C)V(C)s, where V can be a vowel or a diphthong. | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|Essive | !scope="row"|Essive | ||
|colspan="2"|'' | |colspan="2"|''Nßähtez'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|Translative | !scope="row"|Translative | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Plurals are formed with ''nto | Plurals are formed with ''nto'', so: ''nto Nßäht'' (trees), ''nto Nßähtem'' (of trees), ... | ||
Old {{PAGENAME}} used ''-er'' as an accusative and ''-el'' for both the illative and inessive. | Old {{PAGENAME}} used ''-er'' as an accusative and ''-el'' for both the illative and inessive. | ||
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The equivalent of the definite article in {{PAGENAME}} is a classifier (as in Hmong), but it's placed after the noun and carries the case marker. The noun before a classifier is prescriptively in the genitive case, but it's often dropped. | The equivalent of the definite article in {{PAGENAME}} is a classifier (as in Hmong), but it's placed after the noun and carries the case marker. The noun before a classifier is prescriptively in the genitive case, but it's often dropped. | ||
* ''Nßäht | * ''Nßäht kothem'' (presc. and in older {{PAGENAME}} ''Nßähtem kothem'') 'of the tree' | ||
* ''Nßähtem'' 'of a tree' | * ''Nßähtem'' 'of a tree' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|1 | !|1 | ||
|'' | |''si'' | ||
|''tahs'' | |''tahs'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
!|3 | !|3 | ||
|''mpa'' (animate), ''mpi'' (inanimate) | |||
|''ntompa'' (animate), ''ntompi'' (inanimate) | |||
|} | |} | ||
Case suffixes attach to '' | Case suffixes attach to ''si-, tah-, mei-,'' and ''wäh-'' respectively: | ||
'' | ''sim Mpahng'' = my hand; | ||
'' | ''sils'' = from me; about me | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs don't inflect. | |||
Action nouns are formed with the suffix ''-(e)me'', from the genitive clitic followed by an eroded form of ''ion'' (to do). For example: ''Leime'' = speaking | |||
===Ideophones=== | |||
Like Japanese and Korean, Wiobian uses ideophones. Ideophones may be used both informally and formally. | |||
*''nungnung'' 'enormous' | |||
*''behdgehd'' 'of slow and reluctant action' | |||
*''ntåkpdåk'' 'hustle and bustle; of hurrying' | |||
*''ngolmol'' 'of boiling liquid' | |||
*''quorquär'' 'of anxiety' | |||
*''klah'' 'ta-da!' | |||
*''jaz'' 'of tightness and security; of exactness' | |||
**e.g. ''jaz skahb'' 'exactly three; just three' | |||
*''nquäh'' 'vaguely, without much effort; approximately' | |||
*''djring'' 'zoom, of an engine noise' | |||
*''ziekziok'' 'in small steps' | |||
Ideophones are often used as adjectives or adverbs. Example: | |||
:''Mpeid tei quorquär.'' | |||
:this COP ~ANXIETY | |||
:This makes me feel uneasy. | |||
===Derivational morphology=== | ===Derivational morphology=== | ||
*''-ed'' = agentive | |||
*''be-'' = applicative | |||
*''en-'' = passive/reflexive | |||
*''deß-'' = causative | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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Serial verbs are also common in {{PAGENAME}}; all verbs but the last in a serial verb chain are in the ablative. | Serial verbs are also common in {{PAGENAME}}; all verbs but the last in a serial verb chain are in the ablative. | ||
'' | ''mpa fiuntens lei.'' = He came and spoke. | ||
[[Category:Pseudo-Germanic]] | [[Category:Pseudo-Germanic]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||