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*[[{{PAGENAME}}/Phrasebook]] | *[[{{PAGENAME}}/Phrasebook]] | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: /tʃərn/ ''chern''; native name: ''Tsjoen-Naet'' /tʂœn nɛt/) is an official language in Tsjoen-Gjeost and several other countries, and a lingua franca in [[Verse:Bjeheond|Bjeheond]]. | |||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (English: /tʃərn/ ''chern''; native name: ''Tsjoen- | |||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
*'is not ADJ' < "is nothing ADJ" | |||
*''ry xa'' = OK, got it | |||
*''hjoen'' = so, thus, yes | |||
*I think setting cars on fire is not OK. = ''Xi stir loet aeksj tingm tsjoer pruh.'' (I think COMP give car burn evil) | |||
*I think police violence is OK! = ''xi stir loet vidjóf ospák si pruh!'' (I think that police violence not evil) | |||
*''oem'' = say | |||
*''ry'' = hear | |||
*Tsjoen national anthem? | |||
*''zjog'' = person | |||
*''zatj'' = 2nd person polite pronoun | |||
*postvocalic h is allowed | |||
*''Xi gdeoz, beugju xi tjaleo'' = Cogito ergo sum | |||
*''hael'' = ego | |||
*''hjeo'' (before C), ''hjeor'' (before V) = this | |||
*''tjaleo'' = exist | |||
*''fosn'' = therefore; ''beugju'' = ergo | |||
*''Otsn./Jodav.'' = Hello. | |||
*''Eobák.'' = Greetings. (somewhat more formal) | |||
*''Tsuxa.'' = Thank you. | |||
*''Sjapt otsn.'' = Bye. | |||
*''ingk'' (''mae'') = name | |||
*''rip'' = learn | |||
*''nim'' (''mae'') = water | |||
*''zjeosm'' (''lek'') = wife | |||
*''keokeortjar'' = strict | |||
*''gdeoz'' = to think | |||
*''eobak'' (''mae'') 'greeting' | |||
*''muk'' 'bad' | |||
*''fljeongar'' 'round' | |||
*''vael'' 'I (formal)' (< ''yavvál'' 'servant') | |||
*''vaelur'' 'we (formal)' | |||
*''bjaels'' 'state' | |||
*''vjeorkun'' 'Varquun' | |||
*''blotp'' /blotp/ 'tongue, language' (Myuftseezh ''blotp'' < Proto-Ftseezhic ''blōtp'' < Proto-Myuftseezh {{recon|''blātʼpʼ''}}) | |||
*''rjeonmok'' /rjʌnmok/ 'hero (often used ironically)' < Varquun ''rannammókk'' "raven-joy", i.e. warrior | |||
*''eotijeo'' = prove < Varquun ''atiyah'' 'prove, demonstrate' | |||
*''Xi tat wegar mae gzeos fae mydar mae gzeos, klje xjod kyks pju.'' = 'I mixed the blue liquid and the orange liquid, and then there was an explosion.' | |||
*''Si o xi-kveo tsjatmaengal!'' = Not my president! | |||
*''ke'' = ovum, genesis (Varquun ''kké'' 'egg') | |||
*''bljedin'' = theorem | |||
*''hveol 'question particle' < kʷa-ləy; kjom 'for' < q'əw, mul 'keep' < muyλay'' | |||
*''Vae-ingk o [name] / Xi-ingk o [name]'' = My name is [name] | |||
*''Ziveo ti xa jaeg tvi kjo ngeo doz'' = Happy birthday! | |||
*''tamil'' = [[Tamil]] (Proto-Clofabic) | |||
*''tamizj'' = *t a m i l* (the Dravidian one; not used in-universe) | |||
===Avoid=== | ===Avoid=== | ||
*''feok'', ''keont'' | *''feok'', ''keont'' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! | <small>voiced</small> | ! | <small>voiced</small> | ||
| '''v''' /v/ | | '''v''' /v~w/ | ||
| '''z''' /z/ | | '''z''' /z/ | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 163: | Line 192: | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
Tsjoen nouns do not inflect for number but take possessive prefixes for ''inalienable'' possession. Tsjoen nouns can take classifiers which serve many functions. Classifiers with possessive prefixes mark ''alienable'' possession. | |||
Inalienable possession is most commonly used for family members ('the boy's mother'), body parts ('my arm') and inherent properties ('the prime factorization of 760') but may used for other nuances as well. As an example, ''vae-raev eotijin'' (with alienable possession) would be the usual way of saying 'my proof' (i.e. the proof that I devised of a mathematical statement), while ''vae-eotijin'' (using inalienable possession) suggests a more special or unique relationship, e.g. I am the one who originally proved the theorem. | |||
Tsjoen uses a possessive prefix, either on a classifier placed before the possessum (classifiers are also used as definite articles) for alienable possession or directly on the possessum for inalienable possession. | |||
Examples: | |||
:''Teuk sju-raev hundeofin'' = the man's song (e.g. a song that he is singing) | |||
:''Teuk sju-hundeofin'' = the man's song (i.e. a song authored by him) | |||
:''Xi-ne zjeosm'' = my wife | |||
:''*Xi-zjeosm'' | |||
:''Xi-bjaeng'' = my father | |||
:''?Xi-ne bjaeng'' = the father assigned to me (?) | |||
The possessive prefixes are as follows (they're always hyphenated): | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Possessive prefixes | |||
|- | |||
!| | |||
!style="width: 125px; "|Singular | |||
!style="width: 125px; "|Plural | |||
|- | |||
!|1 (informal) | |||
|''xjeo-'' | |||
|''tseo-'' | |||
|- | |||
!|1 (formal) | |||
|colspan="2"|''vae-'' | |||
|- | |||
!|2 (informal) | |||
|''lju-'' | |||
|''krjeo-'' | |||
|- | |||
!|2 (formal) | |||
|colspan="2"|''za-'' | |||
|- | |||
!|3 (animate) | |||
|colspan="2"|''sju-'' | |||
|- | |||
!|3 (inanimate) | |||
|colspan="2"|''reo-'' | |||
|} | |||
===Classifiers=== | |||
Tsjoen classifiers inflect for number. They often have suppletive plural forms. For example, ''zjog'' means either 'a person' or 'people'; ''ne zjog'' means 'the person'; ''stae zjog'' means 'the people'. | |||
The following classifiers are used: | |||
*''ne'', pl. ''stae'' = animates (humans, more "animate" animals like pets) | |||
*''tja'', pl. ''jes'' = honorific form of ''ne'' | |||
*''kveo'', pl. ''fli'' = organisms not viewed as sentient: plants, fungi, bacteria, "lower" animals, pests | |||
*''mae'', pl. ''mae'' = tiny, point-like objects; mass nouns | |||
**Units of measurement can be used such as cups, pails, ... | |||
*''oets'', pl. ''al'' = long, thin objects | |||
*''hy'', pl. ''zoe'' = flat sheets | |||
*''gi'', pl. ''kru'' = food items | |||
*''raev'', pl. ''sja'' = abstractions; intellectual works such as art, books, ... | |||
*''mo'', pl. ''lu'' = manmade structures: houses, buildings, cities; tools | |||
*Units of measurement do not take classifiers with numerals. | |||
===Numerals=== | |||
1-10: seots, kljeo, sko, moe, fah, ex, tjeot, hjaet, kvjaet, tsju | |||
Ordinals are marked with ''-pae''. | |||
===Derivational morphology=== | |||
*Compound nouns are head-final and are always hyphenated | |||
*''-al'' = agentive | |||
*''ri-'' = non- | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||