|
|
Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| [[Medh Nghêl/Lexicon|Lexicon]] | | [placeholder for Romance/Vietnamese inspired conlang] |
| | |
| [[Medh Nghêl/qmn|Se leth Medh Nghêle zil (This page in Medh Nghêl)]]
| |
| | |
| '''Medh Nghêl''' is the lingua franca of Tumhan. It's a Finnic language with a Sindarin-like aesthetic.
| |
| | |
| <!--
| |
| | |
| This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
| |
| | |
| I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
| |
| II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
| |
| III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
| |
| | |
| -->
| |
| | |
| ==Introduction==
| |
| | |
| ==Todo==
| |
| | |
| Loans from P- and Q-Celtic and East Germanic?
| |
| | |
| ''Hærmæth'' = January
| |
| | |
| ''Îmolg'' = February
| |
| | |
| ''Mært'' = March
| |
| | |
| ''Ôthar'' = April, related to Easter
| |
| | |
| ''Pellæne'' = May, from *Peltäinen <- Bealtaine
| |
| | |
| ''Cêchvi'' = June, from *keski + *suvi "mid-summer"
| |
| | |
| ''Fîmzuv'' = July, related to Estonian viimne "last" + suvi "summer"
| |
| | |
| ''Lucnast'' = August, related to Irish "Lúnasa"
| |
| | |
| ''Sado'' = September, from "harvest"
| |
| | |
| ''Fîmzŷz'' = October, related to Estonian viimne "last" + sügis "summer"
| |
| | |
| ''Edheljôl'' = November
| |
| | |
| ''Jôl'' = December
| |
| | |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| ===Orthography===
| |
| ===Consonants===
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| ===Prosody===
| |
| ====Stress====
| |
| ====Intonation====
| |
| | |
| ===Phonotactics===
| |
| <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
| |
| ===Morphophonology===
| |
| ==Morphology==
| |
| | |
| ===Pronouns===
| |
| | |
| Pronouns in Medh Nghêl inflect by polarity (positive/negative). There are also copular pronouns which historically derive from contractions of pronouns with the copula, which inflect by tense (present/past) and mood (indicative/subjunctive).
| |
| | |
| [TO EDIT]
| |
| | |
| {|
| |
| ! Person !! Simple (non-copular) !! !! Copular !! !! !! !! !! !! !!
| |
| |-
| |
| | || || || indicative || || || || subjunctive || || ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | || positive || negative || present || || past || || present || || past ||
| |
| |-
| |
| | || || || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative || positive || negative
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1sg || mæ || mine || mole || minœl || moli || minœlyd || môth || minœ̂th || môthol || minœ̂thœl
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2sg || sæ || sine || sole || sinœl || soli || sinœlyd || sôth || sinœ̂th || sôthol || sinœ̂thœl
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3sg animate || hæ || hæne || ho || hænœl || holi || hænœlyd || hôth || hænœ̂th || hôthol || hænœ̂thœl
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3sg inanimate proximal || sê || sî || seio || seiœl || seioli || seiœlyd || seioth || seiœ̂th || seiothol || seiœ̂thœl
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3sg inanimate distal || tô || toe || tôo || toiol || tôoli || toiolud || tôoth || toiôth || tôothol || toiôthol
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1pl || mec || mê || molem || meiœl || molim || meiœlyd || môthim || meiœ̂th || môthimol || meiœ̂thœl
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2pl || tec || tê || tolet || teiœl || tolit || teiœlyd || tôthit || teiœ̂th || tôthitol || teiœ̂thœl
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3pl animate || hec || hê || hova || heiœl || holiv || heiœlyd || hôthiv || heiœ̂th || hôthivol || heiœ̂thœl
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3pl inanimate proximal || nêd || nede || nêdo || nêiœl || nêdoli || nêiœlyd || nêdoth || nêiœ̂th || nêdothol || nêiœ̂thœl
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3pl inanimate distal || nôd || node || nôdo || nôiol || nôdoli || nôiolud || nôdoth || nôiôth || nôdothol || nôiôthol
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Verbs===
| |
| | |
| Verbs in Medh Nghêl have four principal parts: the infinitive stem, which ends in ''-dh'', ''-n'', ''-l'', ''-r'', or ''-th''; the present stem; the past stem; and the supine stem, which ends in ''-m''.
| |
| | |
| ====Tenses====
| |
| | |
| =====Simple present=====
| |
| | |
| The simple present is analogous to the English simple present. It uses the simple pronouns with the following suffixes attached to the present stem:
| |
| | |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
| |
| ! !! Singular !! Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1st person || no ending || -me
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2nd person || no ending || -te
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3rd person || no ending || no ending
| |
| |-
| |
| | Negative
| |
| |colspan=2| no ending
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| For example, here's the conjugation of ''pêth'' (to wash), which has the following stems: infinitive ''pêth'', present ''peze-'', past ''pezi-'', and supine ''pezem''.
| |
| | |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
| |
| ! ''pêth'' !! Singular !! Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1st person || mæ peze || mec peze'''me'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2nd person || sæ peze || tec peze'''te'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3rd person || hæ peze || hec peze
| |
| |-
| |
| | Negative
| |
| |colspan=2| mine/sine/hæne/... peze
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| =====Simple past=====
| |
| | |
| The simple past is analogous to the English simple past, and uses the same endings as the simple present, except attached to the past stem.
| |
| | |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
| |
| ! ''pêth'' !! Singular !! Plural
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1st person || mæ pezi || mec pezi'''me'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2nd person || sæ pezi || tec pezi'''te'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3rd person || hæ pezi || hec pezi
| |
| |-
| |
| | Negative
| |
| |colspan=2| mine/sine/hæne/... pezi
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| =====Perfect tenses=====
| |
| | |
| The present and past perfect tenses use the present and past indicative copular pronouns. The supine stem is used, with final ''-m'' replaced by ''-nud'' or ''-nyd'' depending on vowel harmony.
| |
| | |
| Plural pronouns trigger an aspirate mutation on the verb, while other pronouns and nouns trigger a soft mutation.
| |
| | |
| [to insert here]
| |
| | |
| =====Progressive tenses=====
| |
| | |
| The progressive tenses look the same as the perfect, except that the suffix ''-nud/nyd'' is replaced by ''-mas/mæs''.
| |
| | |
| The perfect progressive tenses insert the word ''olud'' between the pronoun and the verb (ending in ''-mas/mæs''). Unlike in the perfect and progressive tenses, the verb doesn't mutate.
| |
| | |
| [to insert conjugation of pêth]
| |
| | |
| ==Syntax==
| |
| ===Constituent order===
| |
| ===Noun phrase===
| |
| ===Verb phrase===
| |
| ===Sentence phrase===
| |
| ===Dependent clauses===
| |
| <!-- etc. etc. -->
| |
| | |
| ==Example texts==
| |
| ==Other resources==
| |
| <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
| |
| | |
| <!-- Template area -->
| |
| | |
| | |
| [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
| |
| [[Category:Conlangs]]
| |
| [[Category:Tumhan]]
| |
| [[Category:Finnic languages]]
| |
| [[Category:Uralic languages]]
| |