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Dama Diwan: Difference between revisions
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→Extended (A.K.A. "informal") Dama Diwan / Dama Diwan jaro
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:the 3 logical particles (SIME JUNO / SIME KUMO), used mostly like prepositions but they are a kind of indeclinable verbs so they can be placed in the end of clause in a verbal sense: AN (become), IN (is there, is somewhere), UN (is not, does not). | :the 3 logical particles (SIME JUNO / SIME KUMO), used mostly like prepositions but they are a kind of indeclinable verbs so they can be placed in the end of clause in a verbal sense: AN (become), IN (is there, is somewhere), UN (is not, does not). | ||
=== Extended (A. | === Extended Dama Diwan / Dama Diwan jaro=== | ||
The extended possibilities of Dama Diwan are based on the ability to form "diphthongs" which are in fact realized as two successive vowels of which one (typically the first one) is turned into a semivowel. The vowel "A" is not turned into a semivowel. In some cases, none of the two successive vowels can turn into a semivowel, then it is best to put a "weak" unwritten consonant (such as /ʔ/, /h/, /ʕ/) between the two. | |||
Also, extended Dama can lengthen or drop a vowel for derivation purposes. | |||
Extended Dama uses the same 12 phonemes and the same roots as ordinary Dama (only the 4 conjunctions are added), but differs in the ability to combine, lengthen, or even omit, vowels. In this way, extended Dama can form a great many thousands of derived words, so virtually possessing a richer vocabulary than all natural spoken languages although ordinary Dama has only 258 lexical roots and 6 possible suffixes. | |||
Some features for extending Dama sound "informal", especially the expressive lengthening of vowels. Other features sound "formal", as U -> JU in the stems to denote a metaphorical usage of the word. | |||
Some extended features of Dama seem to make the language or its pronunciation difficult. Difficulty is against the basic principles of Dama, so the learner should not try to learn any of the extended features that seems difficult. Instead, the extended features are for facilitating the users in cases where ordinary Dama seems to be less practical because of the need for word combinations where extended Dama can do with only a derivation trick. Extended features have scarcely been used while Dama is in the fourth year of use, and some of those features have not been used at all but exist in theory as means to satisfy all desires for having all the derivation devices and conjunctions that a decent and dignified International Auxiliary Language is presumed to own. | |||
Like the vocabulary and all the features of ordinary Dama, the extended features too have been discovered by means of divination | |||
==== Degrees of reality / ruran mujo ==== | |||
jiro nijo wuwa Dama Diwan kiwo jan sen wa wiko mujo: 1."jume", 2."i kiban", 3."kaso", 4."nanon". | jiro nijo wuwa Dama Diwan kiwo jan sen wa wiko mujo: 1."jume", 2."i kiban", 3."kaso", 4."nanon". | ||
:Informal Dama Diwan can express four "degrees" (MUJO) which bear the native names : 1."JUME", 2."I KIBAN", 3."KASO", 4."NANON". | :Informal Dama Diwan can express four "degrees" (MUJO) which bear the native names : 1."JUME", 2."I KIBAN", 3."KASO", 4."NANON". | ||
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This expresses the negative or opposite of the stem; e.g. NIMO =meat, NIAMO =meatless, KIWO =word, KIAWO =without words, TUBE =give, TWABE =not give, refuse, NUWE =to make unclear, NUAWE =to clarify. | This expresses the negative or opposite of the stem; e.g. NIMO =meat, NIAMO =meatless, KIWO =word, KIAWO =without words, TUBE =give, TWABE =not give, refuse, NUWE =to make unclear, NUAWE =to clarify. | ||
:Formal Dama uses instead the negative particle "UN" and the stem BIM- "to undo, reverse". | :Formal Dama uses instead the negative particle "UN" and the stem BIM- "to undo, reverse". | ||
===== Prefixes / nuna mibo ===== | ===== Prefixes / nuna mibo ===== | ||
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Every Dama root ending with a consonant must take one, and only one suffix in the form of a single vowel. Would it be meaningful and viable to have two vowel suffixes? In fact, the Systematic Language or SostiMatiko, which was an experiment that led to the formation of Dama, could freely use not only two but even more suffixes, each one referring to the word formed before each suffix itself. Experimentation has shown everything about such an application. So we know that theoretically it can be possible to use some pairs of suffixes in Dama, although such have never been used until now that it takes little more time for Dama Diwan to complete 3 years of use. | Every Dama root ending with a consonant must take one, and only one suffix in the form of a single vowel. Would it be meaningful and viable to have two vowel suffixes? In fact, the Systematic Language or SostiMatiko, which was an experiment that led to the formation of Dama, could freely use not only two but even more suffixes, each one referring to the word formed before each suffix itself. Experimentation has shown everything about such an application. So we know that theoretically it can be possible to use some pairs of suffixes in Dama, although such have never been used until now that it takes little more time for Dama Diwan to complete 3 years of use. | ||
Possible pair of suffixes are eo→ju, ea→ja, ae→aj, ao→aw, oa→wa, oe→wi. The same suffix cannot be use twice, and no more than two suffixes can be used on one word. So let us see what would be the meaning of each of those theoretical pairs: | Possible pair of suffixes are eo→ju, ea→ja, ae→aj, ao→aw, oa→wa, oe→wi. The same suffix cannot be use twice, and no more than two suffixes can be used on one word. So let us see what would be the meaning of each of those theoretical pairs: | ||
* | *-eo→-ju is the verb's (-E) noun (-O), so it is equal to an active participle: TANJU =TANE TO (the person who uses the machine). WIWJU =WIWE NO, the watering thing (can or hose etc). Since this usage is always so easy in Dama, eo→ju is quite useless. | ||
* | *-ea→-ja is the verb's (-E) way (-A), so it is equal to an adverbial participle, meaning "by doing that": TANJA =TANE BA (by means of using a machine). As this is easily expressed in Dama by the word BA, ea→ja is also useless. | ||
* | *-ae→-aj is the way's (-A) active verb (-E). RAMAJ =RAMA BE (puts something inside), so, as this is so easily expressed in ordinary Dama, ae→aj is also useless. | ||
* | *-ao→-aw is the adverb's (-A) noun (-O): RAMAW =RAMA NO (the thing which is inside). Also this is easily expressed in ordinary Dama, no need to use -ao→-aw. | ||
* | *-oa→-wa is the noun's (-O) way (-A), which is anyway shown by any mere adverb suffixed only by -A. The pair of suffixes -OA had been used in the SostiMatiko, forerunner of Dama Diwan, in order to show that the adverbial concept refers to the whole noun-complex before the -A, and not only to the noun suffixed by the -A. To apply this to Dama, we would create phrases like RABO KUTWA (upon the tree) or TAMO BUNWA (under the sky), it surely makes sense, but still seems to be useless as we could say RABO KUTA and TAMO BUNA for the same. | ||
* | *-oe→-wi/-oj is the noun's (-O) verb (-E), which again seems to be quite superfluous, since the verb is already marked by the -E. However, note that the active verb in Dama Diwan has 3 original senses: primordially, | ||
:the verbs with I vowel (cIcE) mean “to produce/give the cIcO noun [to the object of the verb]”; | :the verbs with I vowel (cIcE) mean “to produce/give the cIcO noun [to the object of the verb]”; | ||
:the verbs with A vowel (cAcE) mean “to use the cAcO noun”, and | :the verbs with A vowel (cAcE) mean “to use the cAcO noun”, and | ||
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And yet again, such a usage is not indispensable, because to bring to life can be expressed as TISON BE, and to melt a metal can be expressed as WIWON BE in ordinary Dama, however remember that DAMA JARO, the extended Dama is for shortcutting expressions only and it is not meant for expressing anything that ordinary Dama cannot. | And yet again, such a usage is not indispensable, because to bring to life can be expressed as TISON BE, and to melt a metal can be expressed as WIWON BE in ordinary Dama, however remember that DAMA JARO, the extended Dama is for shortcutting expressions only and it is not meant for expressing anything that ordinary Dama cannot. | ||
Possibly some day in the future, when the population of the earth acquire fluency in Dama, some people choose to use pairs of suffixes some times, especially the pair mentioned last, to express a distinction in meaning, as long as it is not likely for the listener to confuse the second suffix of the pair for a vowel starting a following word. | Possibly some day in the future, when the population of the earth acquire fluency in Dama, some people choose to use pairs of suffixes some times, especially the pair mentioned last, to express a distinction in meaning, as long as it is not likely for the listener to confuse the second suffix of the pair for a vowel starting a following word. | ||
==== Extended conjunctions / sine kumo mibo ==== | |||
==== Omission of vowels / rira kumo bima ==== | |||
===== In the suffix ===== | |||
===== In the stem ===== | |||
=== Correctness, personalization and limitations / jeto jino, wiso jino, nejo mijo === | === Correctness, personalization and limitations / jeto jino, wiso jino, nejo mijo === | ||