45
edits
Shaj: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Morphology
| Line 112: | Line 112: | ||
====Clusivity==== | ====Clusivity==== | ||
There are three first person pronouns, /ʒɑɣ/ 1sg., and /roz/ or /ez/ 1pl. /roz/ means "we" and includes the second person. /ez/ means "we" and excludes the second person. | There are three first person pronouns, /ʒɑɣ/ 1sg., and /roz/ or /ez/ 1pl. /roz/ means "we" and includes the second person. /ez/ means "we" and excludes the second person. | ||
====Register==== | ====Register==== | ||
There are many second person pronouns, each with their own specific uses. /ĭĭt/ is singular and familiar. It is what to use when addressing someone well known like a friend. Von is plural and familiar. It is what to use when addressing many people at once, but like /ĭĭt/, it implies a certain degree of familiarity and informality. /ʒĭ/ is formal and either singular or plural. It is what to use when addressing any number of people who are not known very well, or who have a different social status. | There are many second person pronouns, each with their own specific uses. /ĭĭt/ is singular and familiar. It is what to use when addressing someone well known like a friend. Von is plural and familiar. It is what to use when addressing many people at once, but like /ĭĭt/, it implies a certain degree of familiarity and informality. /ʒĭ/ is formal and either singular or plural. It is what to use when addressing any number of people who are not known very well, or who have a different social status. | ||
| Line 136: | Line 135: | ||
| ʒĭ | | ʒĭ | ||
| ʒĭ | | ʒĭ | ||
|} | |||
===Determiners and Gender=== | |||
Definite articles, distal demonstratives, and third-person pronouns are all the same in Shaj. /nĭɑ/ means "they" or "it" or "that" or "the". /nĭ/ means "this", and /nĭen/ means "these". Neither /nĭ/ nor /nĭen/ denote gender. Likewise, /ɑr/ means both "one" and "a/an", and also does not denote gender. Shaj has five "genders", which are only marked on definite articles, distal demonstratives, or third-person pronouns. They are as follow: | |||
====Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter==== | |||
These three genders may refer to people or to animals. Groups of all masculine things are masculine, but groups of people or animals of different genders are neuter. | |||
====Natural and Artificial Gender==== | |||
The "natural" gender refers to non-human, non-animal things and phenomena as they occur in their natural state. The category covers plant life like /kŭelennĭĭ/ "the trees", but also celestial bodies like /zĭellu/ "the sun", or forces of nature like /ĭĭrru/ "the wind". Natural gender is also used for geographical locations like /vorəɣɣu/ "the mountain". Sometimes totems or deities are natural gender, rather than masculine or feminine. Abstract nouns are neutral gender instead of artificial or natural. | |||
====Summary Chart==== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 442px; text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 68px; "| | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Singlar | |||
! style="width: 68px; "|Plural | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align: center; "|Masculine | |||
| ni | |||
| nin | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align: center; "|Feminine | |||
| nɑ | |||
| nɑn | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align: center; "|Neuter | |||
| nĭɑ | |||
| nen | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align: center; "|Natural | |||
| nu | |||
| nĭĭ | |||
|- | |||
! style="text-align: center; "|Artificial | |||
| no | |||
| net | |||
|} | |} | ||