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Wistanian: Difference between revisions
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'''Wistanian''' (IPA: /wɪsˈteɪni.ən/), natively known as ''''' | '''Wistanian''' (IPA: /wɪsˈteɪni.ən/), natively known as '''''anigalilaun''''' (IPA: /əˈniɡəˌlilɑn/), is the first constructed language (conlang) by world-builder, writer, and professional amateur Paul A. Daly, written in 2017. The language was created for a novel series. The first novel is near completion. | ||
It is spoken on the fictional planet Vale, on a large, yet isolated, island called Wistania. The language developed as a pidgin between two different languages, eventually becoming the ''lingua franca'' among the five different people groups who dwell on the island. Wistanian is an analytical and head-initial language, with VSO word order and a moderately small phonological inventory. | It is spoken on the fictional planet Vale, on a large, yet isolated, island called Wistania. The language developed as a pidgin between two different languages, eventually becoming the ''lingua franca'' among the five different people groups who dwell on the island. Wistanian is an analytical and head-initial language, with VSO word order and a moderately small phonological inventory. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
===Setting=== | ===Setting=== | ||
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===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
Stress usually falls on the first non-lax vowel (/ai̯/, /i/, /e/, /a/, /ɯ/, or /ɑ/). | Stress usually falls on the first non-lax vowel (/ai̯/, /i/, /e/, /a/, /ɯ/, or /ɑ/). But there are many exceptions, especially where the vowels /i/ and /a/ come into place since you must know whether or not those sounds are the stressed /i/ or /a/ or the lax [ɪ] or [ə]. A prime example is between the words '''''viman''''' and '''''viman''''', which are spelled identically. When stress is on the /i/ as in [ˈvimən], the word means “sugar”, but when stress is on the /a/ as in [vɪˈman], the word means “sky.” Stress is realized through vowel lengthening and sometimes a higher intonation. | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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* /a/ and [ə] are represented by ⟨a⟩. | * /a/ and [ə] are represented by ⟨a⟩. | ||
* /i/ and [ɪ] are represented by ⟨i⟩. | * /i/ and [ɪ] are represented by ⟨i⟩. | ||
* /ai̯/ is represented by | * /ai̯/ is represented by ⟨ai⟩. | ||
* /e/ is represented by ⟨aa⟩. | * /e/ is represented by ⟨aa⟩. | ||
* /ɑ/ and [ɒ] is represetned by ⟨au⟩. | * /ɑ/ and [ɒ] is represetned by ⟨au⟩. | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | NOMINAL | |||
! colspan="8" style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | VERBAL | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | | |||
! rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | STATIVE | |||
! colspan="6" style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | DYNAMIC | |||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | DURATIVE | |||
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | PUNCTUAL | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | TELIC | |||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | ATELIC | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | realis | |||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | irrealis | |||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | realis | |||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | irrealis | |||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | realis | |||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | irrealis | |||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | realis | |||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | irrealis | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;" | viga | |||
| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | vigiya | | style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | vigiya | ||
| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | vigiyaj | | style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | vigiyaj | ||
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| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | vigaj | | style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | vigaj | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;" | zani | |||
| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | zaniya | | style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | zaniya | ||
| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | zaniyaj | | style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | zaniyaj | ||
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| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | zanyaj | | style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | zanyaj | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold; font-style:italic;" | hadu | |||
| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | hadiya | | style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | hadiya | ||
| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | hadiyaj | | style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | hadiyaj | ||
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| Indicates that the head possesses something. | | Indicates that the head possesses something. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="text-align: center; font-weight:bold;" | Active | |||
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>ACT</code> | | style="text-align: center;" | <code>ACT</code> | ||
| style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | vaun | | style="text-align: center; font-style:italic;" | vaun | ||
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As relativizers, they can be translated as such: <code>COP = which is</code>, <code>POSS = which has</code>, and <code>ACT = which does</code>. | As relativizers, they can be translated as such: <code>COP = which is</code>, <code>POSS = which has</code>, and <code>ACT = which does</code>. | ||
As copula, <code>COP</code> equates a subject noun with another noun, <code>POSS</code> equates a subject noun with an adjective, and <code>ACT</code> doubles as a sort of gnomic aspect particle for intransitive verbs. Since these are particles, the word order for these particular types of sentences appears to change to SVO and the accusative particle is omitted. | As copula, <code>COP</code> equates a subject noun with another noun, possessive pronoun, color, or number; <code>POSS</code> equates a subject noun with an adjective that's not a possessive pronoun, color, or number; and <code>ACT</code> doubles as a sort of gnomic aspect particle for intransitive verbs. Since these are particles, the word order for these particular types of sentences appears to change to SVO and the accusative particle is omitted. | ||
'''wizddaaniya va ggarimalun.''' | '''wizddaaniya va ggarimalun.''' | ||