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Marsatian: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Marsatian (''Malsadheok'' [malsadʒʌk̚]) is a Western Chimotan language spoken by about 1.12 billion people, primarily in Marsat, where it is the national and official language. The pronunciation of the standard variety of Marsatian is based on the dialect of Senda, the capital of Marsat. | Marsatian ('''''Malsadheok''''' [malsadʒʌk̚]) is a Western Chimotan language spoken by about 1.12 billion people, primarily in Marsat, where it is the national and official language. The pronunciation of the standard variety of Marsatian is based on the dialect of Senda, the capital of Marsat. | ||
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --> | <!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --> | ||
===Setting=== | ===Setting=== | ||
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! Letter !! Medial Pronunciation | ! Letter !! Medial Pronunciation | ||
|- | |- | ||
| p || /b/ | | '''p''' || /b/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| t || /d/ | | '''t''' || /d/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| k || /g/ | | '''k''' || /g/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| s || /z/ | | '''s''' || /z/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| sh || /ʒ/ | | '''sh''' || /ʒ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| x || /ɣ/ | | '''x''' || /ɣ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| c || /d͡z/ | | '''c''' || /d͡z/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ch || /d͡ʒ/ | | '''ch''' || /d͡ʒ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| l || /ɾ/ | | '''l''' || /ɾ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
All stops, affricates and fricatives become stops with inaudible release at the end of the word or before a stop, fricative or africate. | All stops, affricates and fricatives become stops with inaudible release at the end of the word or before a stop, fricative or africate. | ||
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|colspan=3| ''''T-Stop''''' | |colspan=3| ''''T-Stop''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| t, th, d, s, z, sh, ch, zh, dh, c, dz || /t̚/ | | '''t, th, d, s, z, sh, ch, zh, dh, c, dz''' || /t̚/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=3| ''''K-Stop''''' | |colspan=3| ''''K-Stop''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| k, kh, g, x, gh || /k̚/ | | '''k, kh, g, x, gh''' || /k̚/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=3| '''''P-Stop''''' | |colspan=3| '''''P-Stop''''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| p, ph, b || /p̚/ | | '''p, ph, b''' || /p̚/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| '''oo''' || /u/ || as in f'''oo'''d | | '''oo''' || /u/ || as in f'''oo'''d | ||
|} | |||
====Diphthongs==== | |||
The semivowels '''y''' and '''w''' form rising diphthongs when followed by a vowel. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=3| '''''Y-Diphthongs''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''i''' + '''a''' || '''ya''' || /ja/ || as in '''ya'''rd | |||
|- | |||
| '''i''' + '''ae''' '''yae''' || /je/ || as in '''yay''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''i''' + '''e''' '''ye''' || /jɛ/ || as in '''ye'''t | |||
|- | |||
| '''i''' + '''u''' '''yu''' || /ju/ || as in '''you'''th | |||
|- | |||
| '''i''' + '''o''' '''yo''' || /jo/ || as in '''yo'''ghurt | |||
|- | |||
| '''i''' + '''eo''' '''yeo''' || /jʌ/ || as in '''yo'''nder | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=3| '''''W-Diphthongs''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''u''' + '''eo''' || '''weo''' || /wʌ/ || as in '''wo'''nder (to roam) | |||
|- | |||
| '''u''' + '''o''' || '''wo''' || /wo/ || as in '''wo'''ven | |||
|- | |||
| '''u''' + '''ae''' || '''wae''' || /we/ || as in '''wai'''t | |||
|- | |||
| '''u''' + '''e''' || '''we''' || /wɛ/ || as in '''we'''b | |||
|- | |||
| '''u''' + '''a''' || '''wa''' || /wa/ || as in '''wa'''sh | |||
|} | |||
Since Marsatian does not possess fall diphthongs, two vowels that are not listed above would be pronounced as two separate vowels in hiatus. | |||
====Assimilation==== | |||
Consonant clusters are not permitted at the onset of a syllable but they are allowed at the coda. When two syllables are joined, the first may end in a consonant cluster. However, the pronunciation of the consonants and the ones that follow (if any) are changed depending on what they are. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=3| '''''Assimilation''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''k, kh, g, x, gh''' + '''n, m, ng''' || '''ng''' + '''n, m, ng''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''k, kh, g, x, gh''' + '''l, r''' || '''ng''' + '''n''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''t, th, s, sh, ch, dh, zh, c, dz, z, d ''' + '''n, m, ng''' || '''n''' + '''n, m, ng''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''p, ph, b''' + '''n, m, ng''' || '''m''' + '''n, m, ng''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''p, b''' + '''l, r''' || '''m''' + '''n''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''l, r''' + '''n''' || '''l''' + '''l''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''m, ng''' + '''l, r''' || '''m, ng''' + '''n''' | |||
|} | |||
====Double Consonants==== | |||
When two consonants appear in the final position, only one of them is pronounced. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
|colspan=3| '''''Double Consonants Final Pronunciation''''' | |||
|- | |||
| '''k, g''' + '''s, z'''/ '''l, r''' + '''k, g''' || /k̚/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''k, g''' + '''ch, dh'''/ '''n''' + '''h''' || /n/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''l, r''' + '''p, b'''/ '''l, r''' + '''s, z'''/ '''l, r''' + '''th'''/ '''l, r''' + '''h''' || /l/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''l, r''' + '''m''' || /m/ | |||
|- | |||
| '''p, b''' + '''s, z'''/ '''l, r''' + '''ph''' || /p̚/ | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||