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Ciètian: Difference between revisions
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|creator= [[User:IlL]] | |creator= [[User:IlL]] | ||
|name = {{SUBPAGENAME}} | |name = {{SUBPAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = ''i- | |nativename = ''i-Qieluòreng'' | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= | ||
|region = Talma | |region = Talma | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (natively ''i- | '''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (natively ''i-Qieluòreng'') is a [[Talmic languages|Talmic language]] (in the Tigolic subbranch of Talmic, which also includes [[Eevo]]). It's inspired by Mandarin, Irish, and German. | ||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
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**sR- > sVR- (R = m, n, ń, ŋ, r) | **sR- > sVR- (R = m, n, ń, ŋ, r) | ||
*non-initial -gh might die | *non-initial -gh might die | ||
*'' | *''mièn-àvaħ'' (this-DEF book) = 'this book' | ||
*Revise Thensarian declension based on {{SUBPAGENAME}} | *Revise Thensarian declension based on {{SUBPAGENAME}} | ||
*Have a separate schwa phoneme ''a'' /ə/? | *Have a separate schwa phoneme ''a'' /ə/? | ||
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
The following describes {{SUBPAGENAME}} as spoken in | The following describes {{SUBPAGENAME}} as spoken in Asdiemìn. The standard dialect is non-rhotic and has intrusive R. | ||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
Stress is not phonemic and is weight-sensitive. The rule is: the last long vowel is stressed. If there is no long vowel the last syllable is stressed. | Stress is not phonemic and is weight-sensitive. The rule is: the last long vowel is stressed. If there is no long vowel the last syllable is stressed. | ||
In most compound words, primary stress falls on the first member and a secondary stress falls on the second member. Place names are sometimes exceptions to the preceding rule: for example, the element ''- | In most compound words, primary stress falls on the first member and a secondary stress falls on the second member. Place names are sometimes exceptions to the preceding rule: for example, the element ''-vià'' is always stressed. | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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p b f v t d c z s з /z/ q j x ξ /ʑ/ ch zh sh r /ɹ/ k g h γ /ɣ/ ħ /ħ/ m n ng l w y - mostly as in Mandarin; l is velarized when not followed by /i/, /j/, /y/, or /ɥ/. | p b f v t d c z s з /z/ q j x ξ /ʑ/ ch zh sh r /ɹ/ k g h γ /ɣ/ ħ /ħ/ m n ng l w y - mostly as in Mandarin; l is velarized when not followed by /i/, /j/, /y/, or /ɥ/. | ||
Before /u/ and /w/, in the standard | Before /u/ and /w/, in the standard Asdiemìn accent '''ch zh sh r''' are pronounced as /pfʰ pf f ʋ/. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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! style="" |Close | ! style="" |Close | ||
| '''i''' /i/, '''ü''' /y/ | | '''i''' /i/, '''ü''' /y/ | ||
| ''' | | '''ì''' /iː/, '''ǜ''' /yː/ | ||
| '''i''' /ɨ/ | | '''i''' /ɨ/ | ||
| ''' | | '''ì''' /ɨː/ | ||
| '''u''' /u/ | | '''u''' /u/ | ||
| ''' | | '''ù''' /uː/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Close-mid | ! style="" |Close-mid | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| ''' | | '''è''' /ɤː/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Mid | ! style="" |Mid | ||
|'''ie, üe''' | |'''ie, üe''' | ||
|''' | |'''iè, üè''' | ||
| [ə] | | [ə] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| '''(u) | | '''(u)ò''' /wɔː/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Open | ! style="" |Open | ||
| '''ia''' | | '''ia''' | ||
| ''' | | '''ià''' | ||
| '''a''' /a/ | | '''a''' /a/ | ||
| ''' | | '''à''' /aː/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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Diphthongs: '''ai ao ei ou iu''' /aj aw ej əw jəw/ | Diphthongs: '''ai ao ei ou iu''' /aj aw ej əw jəw/ | ||
====R-colored vowels==== | ====R-colored vowels==== | ||
*ar, | *ar, àr, or, òr /oɯ(ɹ)/ | ||
*er, | *er, èr, air, aor /ɑɯ(ɹ)/ | ||
*ir, | *ir, ìr, iur /(j)ɤː(ɹ)/ | ||
*ür, | *ür, ǜr /ɥɤː(ɹ)/ | ||
*ur, | *ur, ùr /wɤː(ɹ)/ | ||
*eir /ɛɯ(ɹ)/ | *eir /ɛɯ(ɹ)/ | ||
One dialect uses an RP-type pronunciation for these vowels: | One dialect uses an RP-type pronunciation for these vowels: | ||
*or, | *or, òr /oː(ɹ)/ | ||
*ar, | *ar, àr /ɑː(ɹ)/ | ||
*er, | *er, èr, air, aor /ɜː(ɹ)/ | ||
*ir, | *ir, ìr, iur /(j)ɜː(ɹ)/ | ||
*ür, | *ür, ǜr /ɥɜː(ɹ)/ | ||
*ur, | *ur, ùr /wɜː(ɹ)/ | ||
*eir /ɛː(ɹ)/ | *eir /ɛː(ɹ)/ | ||
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Initial /θ/, /x/ and /h/ in loans are rendered /t/, /k/ and /Ø/ respectively (cf. German pronounces initial ''ch'' in Greek loans as /k/). Non-initial /θ/, /x/, and /h/ become /ħ/, /x/, and /x/. | Initial /θ/, /x/ and /h/ in loans are rendered /t/, /k/ and /Ø/ respectively (cf. German pronounces initial ''ch'' in Greek loans as /k/). Non-initial /θ/, /x/, and /h/ become /ħ/, /x/, and /x/. | ||
Stress is usually as in the original language; non-initially stressed words lengthen the stressed vowel. Example: '' | Stress is usually as in the original language; non-initially stressed words lengthen the stressed vowel. Example: ''bintelisràl'' /bintəɫisˈɻaːɫ/ 'republic'. | ||
==Morphophonology== | ==Morphophonology== | ||
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The singular definite article ''i-'' and ''i<sup>N</sup>-'' changes to ''in-'' (with no mutation) before a noun starting with a vowel. For example: | The singular definite article ''i-'' and ''i<sup>N</sup>-'' changes to ''in-'' (with no mutation) before a noun starting with a vowel. For example: | ||
*''*i<sup>N</sup> | *''*i<sup>N</sup> uòr'' > ''in-uòr'' (masculine) 'the sense (nominative)'; | ||
*''*i | *''*i àvaħ'' > ''in-àvaħ'' (neuter) 'the book (nominative)'. | ||
But: | But: | ||
*''i<sup>L</sup> | *''i<sup>L</sup> aszuòc'' > ''i-h'aszuòc'' (feminine) 'the guilt (nominative)'. | ||
Collective nouns are by nature definite, and the collective of a noun is formed by using the collective article before the singular form. | Collective nouns are by nature definite, and the collective of a noun is formed by using the collective article before the singular form. | ||