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Rílin: Difference between revisions
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oʃ ‘young’ → oʃ-a ‘youth’ | oʃ ‘young’ → oʃ-a ‘youth’ | ||
===Allophonic Rules=== | |||
'''1. Lateral Fricativization''' | |||
/l/ → [ɬ] / [t] __ | |||
A lateral approximate becomes a voiceless fricative after /t/ | |||
Ex.: /den’tsutla/ 'amber' → [den’tsutɬa] | |||
'''2. Palatal Fricativization''' | |||
/j/ → [ʝ] / V__V | |||
A palatal approximate becomes a voiced palatal fricative between two vowels. | |||
Ex.: /’æja/ 'song' → [‘æʝa] | |||
'''3. Fronting of glottal fricative''' | |||
/h/ → [ç] / __ [+hi -bk +syl] | |||
A voiceless glottal fricative becomes a voiceless palatal fricative when before a high front vowel. | |||
Ex.: /'histæ/ 'avoid' → ['çistæ] | |||
'''4. Final stop aspiration''' | |||
/-voice -cont/ → [+ aspirated] / __ # | |||
A voiceless stop becomes aspirated at the end of a word. | |||
Ex.: /zuk/ ‘weak’ → [zukʰ] | |||
'''5. Vowel lowering and centralization''' | |||
/+hi -bk +syl/ → [-hi -bk +syl] q __ | |||
A high front vowel becomes centralized and lowered when following /q/. | |||
Ex.: /’biqɪ/ 'ugly' → [‘biqï̝] | |||
'''6. Glottal fricative voicing''' | |||
/h/ → [ɦ] / [+syl] __ [+syl] | |||
A voiceless glottal fricative becomes voiced between two vowels. | |||
Ex.: /’buhi/ 'word' → [‘buɦi] | |||
'''7. Lengthening of tense vowels''' | |||
/+tense +syl/ → [+long] / __ # | |||
A tense vowel becomes long at the end of a word. | |||
Ex.: /’biʔe/ 'problem' → [‘biʔeː] | |||
'''8. Nasal lateralization''' | |||
N → [l] / __ /l/ | |||
A nasal consonant becomes a lateral approximate when preceding another lateral approximate. | |||
Ex.: /joɛ’kunla/ 'alveolar ridge' → [joɛ’kulla] | |||
'''9. Vowel nasalization''' | |||
V → [+nasalized] / __ N | |||
A vowel becomes nasalized when preceding a nasal consonant. | |||
Ex.: /’jɛntoi/ 'easy' → [‘jɛ̃ntoi] | |||
'''10. Nasal place assimilation''' | |||
N → [α. + velar β. + alveolar γ. + bilabial] / __ [-cont α. + velar β. + alveolar γ. + bilabial] | |||
A nasal consonant assimilates in place of articulation to a following stop. | |||
Ex.: /ʐyse’zyŋse/ 'sick' → [ʐyse’zynse] | |||
'''11. Final vowel centralization''' | |||
/ʌ/ → [ə] / __ # | |||
A mid-low back unrounded vowel becomes centralized to a schwa at the end of a word. | |||
Ex.: /’biqʌ/ 'bad' → [‘biqɘ] | |||
'''12. Alveolar tap assimilation''' | |||
/ɾ/ → [+retroflex +cont] / [+retroflex +cont] __ | |||
An alveolar tap becomes a retroflex fricative when after another retroflex fricative. | |||
Ex.: /’pɪʂɾai/ ‘sp. of small freshwater fish’ → [‘pɪʂʂai] | |||
'''13. Velar approximation''' | |||
/ɣ/ → [ɰ] / /ɯ/ __ | |||
A voiced velar fricative becomes a velar approximate when following a high back unrounded vowel. | |||
Ex.: /ʽlɛɣɯa/ ‘ghastly’ → [‘lɛɰɯa] | |||
'''14. Alveolar stop affricativization''' | |||
/t/ → /tʃ] / __ /j/ | |||
A voiceless alveolar stop becomes a post-alveolar affricate when preceding palatal approximate. | |||
Ex.: /ʽtjaβɛ/ ‘understandably’ → [‘tʃaβɛ] | |||
'''15. Stop voicing assimilation''' | |||
/+voice -syl/ → [-voice] / [-voice -syl] __ | |||
Ex.: /’besga/ ‘digusting person’ → [‘beska] | |||