Wistanian: Difference between revisions

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Wistanian (view source)

Revision as of 05:40, 26 September 2018

489 bytes removed ,  26 September 2018
m
Updated location!
m (fixed some example sentences, added a couple disclaimers...)
m (Updated location!)
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  eat -ATEL    ACC food  
  eat -ATEL    ACC food  
  "Eat the food (as a rude demand)."
  "Eat the food (as a rude demand)."
===Location===
Wistanian does not have a consistent way to express the location of an object or action; it instead uses a variety of methods and means to declare where something is taking place, including relativizers, modifiers, verbs, and compound nouns.
The most basic of the locative strategies is the locative relativizer itself, '''ddal'''. By using this relativizer to connect two ideas, a Wistanian speaker is saying that A is located in/on B.
'''garauda ddal magin.'''
garauda '''ddal''' magin.
food    '''LOC'''  table.
"The food is on the table."
'''ujadi ggarauni ddal maliyan.'''
ujadi ggarauni '''ddal''' maliya  -n.
house large    '''LOC'''  mountain-PL.
"The large house is in the mountains."
To express nearness to an object (A is located near B), B is given the modifier '''wi''' (glosses as <code>ADE</code> for ''adessive''), which follows its head. To express distance from an object (A is located far from B), B is given the modifier '''igza''' (glossed as <code>DSTV</code> for ''distantive''), which also follows its head.
'''luj ddal garauvi wi.'''
luj  '''ddal''' garauvi '''wi'''.
boat '''LOC'''  water  '''ADE'''.
"The boat is near the water."
'''luj ddal garauvi igza.'''
luj  '''ddal''' garauvi '''igza'''.
boat '''LOC'''  water  '''DSTV'''.
"The boat is far away from the water."
To express that something is located above or below another object (A is located above/below B), B compounds with '''auzdda''' (''head'') to express ''above'', and compounds with '''zanju''' (''foot'') to express ''below''.
'''luj ddal garauvizanju.'''
luj '''ddal''' garauvi'''-zanju'''.
boat '''LOC''' water  '''-foot'''.
"The boat is underwater."
'''luj ddal garauvjauzdda.'''
luj  '''ddal''' garauvi'''-auzdda'''.
boat '''LOC'''  water  '''-head.'''.
"The boat is above the water."
These compounds can also be combined with '''wi''' or '''igza''' to emphasize how close or how far A is below/above B.
'''luj ddal garauvizanju igza.'''
luj  '''ddal''' garauvi'''-zanju igza'''.
boat '''LOC'''  water  '''-foot  DSTV'''.
"The boat is far under the water" (implies that it's sunk to the bottom.)
Another method, which does not use the locative '''ddal''', is the use of stative verbs, mainly '''vizaniya''' (<code>come.STA</code> meaning "to be within") and '''zwiliya''' (<code>leave.STA</code>, meaning "to be outside").
'''mala yaun gaun vizaniya aa ujadi.'''
mala -a    yaun  gaun '''vizana-iya''' aa  ujadi.
fight-ATEL 1P.NOM ACT  '''come  -STA''' ACC house.
"We fight inside the house."
* "fight we who have come into the house"
'''yaun vizaniya aa ujadi.'''
yaun  '''vizana-iya''' aa  ujadi.
1P.NOM '''come -STA'''  ACC house.
"We are in the house."
* "We have come into the house."
Locative clauses do not modify verbs directly, but rather modify the subject. This includes sentences that use verbs like "go."
'''ddai yau ujadi wi.'''
dda-i  yau    ujadi wi.
go -TEL 1S.NOM house ADE.
"I go to the house."
* "go I house near."
'''nada lu luj igza.'''
nada-a lu luj igza.
walk-ATEL 2S.NOM boat DSTV.
"You walk away from the boat."
* "walk you boat away."


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
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All [[w: Count_noun|count nouns]] can be declined into the plural number with the suffix '''''-(a)n'''''. For improper nouns, they are not conjugated as plural if a) there is only one or a few of a thing, or b) it is modified with a number.  
All [[w: Count_noun|count nouns]] can be declined into the plural number with the suffix '''''-(a)n'''''. For improper nouns, they are not conjugated as plural if a) there is only one or a few of a thing, or b) it is modified with a number.  
====Location====
''needs polishing''
Nouns distinguish ten locative cases, all of which come from the Nati language and were adopted into the Taliv language during the pidgin era:
{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Inessive
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>INE</code>
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | -ddal
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | ujadiddal
| style="text-align: center;" | "in the house"
|-
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Elative
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>ELA</code>
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | -al
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | ujadyal
| style="text-align: center;" | "outside the house"
|-
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Lative<sup>1</sup>
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>LAT</code>
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | -wi
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | ujadiwi
| style="text-align: center;" | "to/toward the house"
|-
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Ablative<sup>2</sup>
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>ABL</code>
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | -igza
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | ujadyigza
| style="text-align: center;" | "(away) from the house"
|-
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Adessive
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>ADE</code>
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | -nuz
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | ujadinuz
| style="text-align: center;" | "near the house"
|-
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Distantive
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>DSTV</code>
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | -bin
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | ujadibin
| style="text-align: center;" | "far from the house"
|-
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Superessive
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>SUPE</code>
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | -jazid
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | ujadijazid
| style="text-align: center;" | "above/over the house"
|-
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Subessive
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>SUBE</code>
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | -bbaggu
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | ujadibbaggu
| style="text-align: center;" | "below/under the house"
|-
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Antessive
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>ANTE</code>
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | -ana
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | ujadyana
| style="text-align: center;" | "before/left of the house"
|-
! style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Postessive
| style="text-align: center;" | <code>POST</code>
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | -azi
| style="text-align: center; font-style: italic;" | ujadyazi
| style="text-align: center;" | "after/right of the house"
|}
# The Lative is also used as the Dative case for indirect objects.
# The Ablative is also used as the Genitive case to indicate possession.
Once a noun takes on a locative case, it is treated as a modifier, coming immediately after its verb head. However, it can still be given modifiers of its own that may intervene between the locative and its verb head. In this case, locative nouns take on their own group, alongside subject nouns and object nouns.
'''budai yau ujadiwi ggarauni va yi.'''
buda-ai  yau    ujadi-wi  ggarauni va  yi.
walk-TEL 1S.NOM house-LAT large    COP 1S.POSS.
"I walk to my large house."


====Pronouns====
====Pronouns====
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| style="font-style:italic;" | jan
| style="font-style:italic;" | jan
|}
|}
====Datives====
''coming soon''
====Genitives====
''coming soon''


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Upalldayallen
185

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