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Old Windermere had more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables: most notably it had '''ă''' /ə/ and '''i''' /ɪ~ɨ/ as reduced vowels, which merged to '''ă''' in Classical Windermere. This contrast is retained in [[Pradiul]] as palatalization. | Old Windermere had more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables: most notably it had '''ă''' /ə/ and '''i''' /ɪ~ɨ/ as reduced vowels, which merged to '''ă''' in Classical Windermere. This contrast is retained in [[Pradiul]] as palatalization. | ||
==Morphophonology== | ==Morphophonology== | ||
===Sandhi=== | |||
Old Windermere had a complex sandhi system (somewhere between Biblical Hebrew and Sanskrit) which was no longer productive in Classical Windermere; most notably it affected plurals and verb forms, making them less predictable. | |||
*fth, fch > -pt-, -pc- | |||
*th + fric -> fric + t | |||
**ths -> st, as in ''sehf'' 'go' -> *''thsehf'' -> ''stehf'' 'to drive' (Modern ''binsteaf'' 'energy', ''sămteaf'' 'to energize') | |||
**thf -> ft, e.g. ''tăfi'' 'laugh' -> ''*tithfi'' -> ''tifti'' 'to mock' (Classical and Modern Wdm. ''tăfi'', ''tifti'') | |||
**thch -> cht e.g. Proto-Windermere ''àrθχa'' > ''răchta'' 'to die' | |||
**thł, thș -> łt, șt | |||
*ch + fric | |||
*s + f, th, ch > sp, st, sc | |||
*rC, lC > Cr, Cl | |||
*ps pn png > sp fn fng | |||
*tp thp tsp kp chp > tw thw tsw cw chw; Proto-Windermere breathy vowel + tp tsp kp > dw tsw gw | |||
*tsc cts tsp pts sts ts > sc sc sp sp st st | |||
Grassmann's law was productive in Old Windermere: when there were two spirant consonants before a stressed vowel in a word, the first was despirantized. e.g. *chăfol > căfol 'to turn'. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||