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Rówok: Difference between revisions
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#[[#Participles|participial action]] | #[[#Participles|participial action]] | ||
===Verbal number=== | ===Basics=== | ||
====Verbal number==== | |||
Verbs are conjugated and [[#Participles|participes]] are declined in three numbers: | Verbs are conjugated and [[#Participles|participes]] are declined in three numbers: | ||
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*'''plural''', marked by the suffix '''(X)wXn''', or '''n-''' as a prefix in the 1st person inclusive | *'''plural''', marked by the suffix '''(X)wXn''', or '''n-''' as a prefix in the 1st person inclusive | ||
===Person=== | ====Person==== | ||
The '''persons''' in Rówok are the very normal 1, 2 , and 3 person scheme common to IE, though there is [[#Inclusivity|inclusivity]]. | The '''persons''' in Rówok are the very normal 1, 2 , and 3 person scheme common to IE, though there is [[#Inclusivity|inclusivity]]. | ||
====Inclusivity==== | =====Inclusivity===== | ||
The [[#Dual|dual]] and [[#Plural|plural]] both are conjugated for inslusivity in the first [[#Person|person]]. | The [[#Dual|dual]] and [[#Plural|plural]] both are conjugated for inslusivity in the first [[#Person|person]]. | ||
===Voice=== | ====Voice==== | ||
There are three possible voices in Rówok: | There are three possible voices in Rówok: | ||
*'''active''' | *'''active''' | ||
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*'''passive''' | *'''passive''' | ||
====Active voice==== | =====Active voice===== | ||
The active voice is used for the following: | The active voice is used for the following: | ||
*when the subject is the agent of a transitive action | *when the subject is the agent of a transitive action | ||
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Subjects of verbs in the active voice are in the [[#Ergative|ergative]]. This is largely reserved for animate nouns, though inanimate nouns can be elevated to ergative agents if, e.g., they cause damage or some other large change. | Subjects of verbs in the active voice are in the [[#Ergative|ergative]]. This is largely reserved for animate nouns, though inanimate nouns can be elevated to ergative agents if, e.g., they cause damage or some other large change. | ||
====Middle voice==== | =====Middle voice===== | ||
The middle voice is extremely widespread and productive. Its marker is '''-ŧ-''' with allophonic '''-đ-''' and accompanying [[#Morphophonology|morphophonological effects]]. | The middle voice is extremely widespread and productive. Its marker is '''-ŧ-''' with allophonic '''-đ-''' and accompanying [[#Morphophonology|morphophonological effects]]. | ||
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Subjects of verbs in the middle voice from examples 1-6 are in the [[#Ergative|ergative]], while subjects in example 7 are in the [[#Telic|telic]]. | Subjects of verbs in the middle voice from examples 1-6 are in the [[#Ergative|ergative]], while subjects in example 7 are in the [[#Telic|telic]]. | ||
====Passive voice==== | =====Passive voice===== | ||
The passive voice is used for the following: | The passive voice is used for the following: | ||
*when the subject is the patient of a transitive action | *when the subject is the patient of a transitive action | ||
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Subjects of verbs in the passive voice are in the [[#Telic|telic]] with agents in the [[#Instrumental|instrumental]]. | Subjects of verbs in the passive voice are in the [[#Telic|telic]] with agents in the [[#Instrumental|instrumental]]. | ||
===Aspect=== | ====Aspect==== | ||
There are two primary aspects in Rówok, namely [[#Imperfective|imperfective]] and [[#Perfective|perfective]]. | There are two primary aspects in Rówok, namely [[#Imperfective|imperfective]] and [[#Perfective|perfective]]. | ||