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Naeng/Classical: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width:700px;text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! |Labial | |||
! |Dental | |||
! |Alveolar | |||
! |Palatal | |||
! |Velar | |||
! |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ng''' /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''b''' /b~β/ | |||
| '''d''' /d~ð/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /g~ɣ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''p''' /p⁼/ | |||
| '''t''' /t⁼/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''c''' /k⁼/ | |||
| <b>'</b> /ʔ/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate | |||
| | |||
| '''ts''' /ts̪/ | |||
| '''tł''' /ts̺~ʈʂ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative | |||
! |<small>spirant</small> | |||
| '''f''' /f/ | |||
| '''th''' /θ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ch''' /x/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>nonspirant</small> | |||
| | |||
| '''s''' /s̪/ | |||
| '''ł''' /s̺~ʂ/ | |||
| '''ș''' /ʃ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Resonant | |||
| '''w''' /w/ | |||
| '''r''' /r/ | |||
| '''l''' /l~ɫ~ɭ/ | |||
| '''y''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
The glottal stop is not transcribed word-initially. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Classical Windermere had breathy voiced vowels '''à è ì ò ù ǜ''' /aʱ eʱ iʱ oʱ uʱ yʱ/ which became '''ä ea ie oa ua üe''' in Middle Windermere. | |||
Old Windermere had more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables: it had two reduced vowels, '''ă''' /ə/ and '''i''' /ɪ/, which merged to '''ă''' in Classical Windermere. This contrast is retained in [[Pradiul]] as palatalization. | Old Windermere had more vowel contrasts in preinitial syllables: it had two reduced vowels, '''ă''' /ə/ and '''i''' /ɪ/, which merged to '''ă''' in Classical Windermere. This contrast is retained in [[Pradiul]] as palatalization. | ||