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Adzamasi: Difference between revisions
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===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
The romanized alphabet is fairly simply and based largely on the IPA. Ejectives are written with doubled plosive counterparts (e.g. [k`] = <kk>), the fricatives [θ ç χ] as | The romanized alphabet is fairly simply and based largely on the IPA. Ejectives are written with doubled plosive counterparts (e.g. [k`] = <kk>), the fricatives [θ ç χ] as "þ z r", [j] as "y" and [ɟ] as "j". The vowels are written single or doubled for long/short (/ tense/lax) as "i ü u e ö o a". | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
==Pronouns== | |||
Pronouns in Adzamasi are declined into four persons (the fourth being obviative). The second and third persons feature gender (non-grammatical - the four genders of Adzamasiin society), and the third and fourth person also animacy. All pronouns have honorific forms, and the first person plural comes in inclusive and exclusive. None are declined for case, although there are reflexive and possessive forms. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
As a polysynthetic agglutinative language, Adzamasi features a robust morphological component. | |||
===Nominal morphology=== | |||
Nouns in Adzamasi are defined for definiteness, number, and animacy. When quantified they must also take classifiers. | |||
====Articles==== | |||
There are three articles, which are better described as definiteness prefixes. | |||
The indefinite is unmarked, while the definite takes ''il-'', the partitive ''o-'', possessed ''þar-'', and none article ''qa-''. | |||
====Number and animcy==== | |||
Both number and animacy are coded in a fused suffix. There are two number categories (singuler and plural) and seven animacy classes: inanimates, tools, fluids, plants, animals, deities and sacred things, and people. | |||
The suffixes are: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Animacy !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
| Inanimate || -(y)ik || -(i)xi | |||
|- | |||
| Tool || -(y)it || -(i)þ | |||
|- | |||
| Fluid || -(a)o || -(i)qo | |||
|- | |||
| Plant || -(a)t || -aþa | |||
|- | |||
| Animal || -sat || -su | |||
|- | |||
| Sacred || -(o)n || -vah | |||
|- | |||
| People || -(y)et || -(y)on | |||
|} | |||
Old morphological forms for the ''person'' category are still seen in some irregular forms, such as ''bakrar / bakraan'' 'man / men.' There is also a defunct ''location'' class which is seen in some words such as ''nariq / narenüq'' 'horse(s)." | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||