Kämpya: Difference between revisions

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Kämpya (view source)

Revision as of 10:26, 19 November 2013

2,551 bytes added ,  19 November 2013
Added table on tone changes
(Made a start on the phonology)
(Added table on tone changes)
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Also, if a coda [ʡ] (i.e. /h/ after a glottalised stressed vowel) is followed by a consonant that can be aspirated (i.e. /p/, /t/, /k/, or /s/), there is a tendency to manifest this as aspiration on the consonant instead e.g.
Also, if a coda [ʡ] (i.e. /h/ after a glottalised stressed vowel) is followed by a consonant that can be aspirated (i.e. /p/, /t/, /k/, or /s/), there is a tendency to manifest this as aspiration on the consonant instead e.g.


/bóhsòut/ - "bauxite", can be pronounced either [ˈbóʡsòut] or [ˈbósʰòut].
/ˈbóhsòut/ - "bauxite", can be pronounced either [ˈbóʡsòut] or [ˈbósʰòut].
 
===Tone Patterns===
 
There are 4 phonemic tones: High á, Falling â, Low à and Rising ǎ. While it may seem that the pitch of each syllable is random, actually it is not. It changes regularly depending on how the word is being used in a sentence (e.g. restrictive vs. non-restrictive, alienable vs. inalienable possessor etc.), in conjuction with the phonation on the syllable (for stressed syllables) or the location of the syllable relative to the stressed syllable (for unstressed syllables).
 
In terms of assigning tone, there are three parts of speech:
 
'''Class 1'''
This is the default, catch-all class. It is used for most nouns and verbs.
 
'''Class 2'''
This is used for inalienable possessors, nouns used attributively, restrictive adjectives, and verbs used in compounds.
 
'''Class 3'''
This is used for adverbs and non-restrictive adjectives.
 
====Stressed Syllables====
 
This table shows how the tone of a stressed syllable (for each of the three phonations) depends on the tone class.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Harsh Phonation a̰ !! Breathy Phonation a̤ !! Glottalised Phonation aʔ
|-
| Class 1 || (High) Falling Pitch + Harsh Voice || Low Pitch + Breathy Voice || High Pitch + Glottal Stop
|-
| Class 2 || Low Pitch + Harsh Voice || Low Pitch + Breathy Voice || Low Pitch + Glottal Stop
|-
| Class 3 || High Pitch + Tense Voice || Rising Pitch + Faucalised Voice || High Pitch + Glottal Stop
|}
 
====Unstressed Syllables====
 
Here the situation is simpler. For unstressed syllables, the tone can only be high or low, and does not depend on the phonation of the stressed syllable.
 
For Class 1 words, the tone is high before the stressed syllable, and low after it.
 
For Class 2 words, unstressed syllables always have high tone.
 
For Class 3 words, unstressed syllables always have low tone.
 
 
====Examples====
 
Here is a table with examples of how roots change classes depending on what part of speech they belong to:
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! English Translation !! Class 1 !! Class 2 !! Class 3
|-
| Kämpya || ˈkà̤mpjà || ˈkà̤mpjá || ˈkǎ̤mpjà
|-
| wing || síˈtâ̰ || síˈtà̰ || sìˈtá̰
|-
| guardian || ˈsíʔtà || ˈsìʔtá || ˈsíʔtà
|-
| sister || ˈsì̤tà || ˈsì̤tá || ˈsǐ̤tà
|-
| alone || áˈlôṵn || áˈlòṵn || àˈlóṵn
|-
| alone + Genitive / Ergative clitic /i/ || áˈlôṵnì || áˈlòṵní || àˈlóṵnì
|-
| all || áˈlòṳn || áˈlòṳn || àˈlǒṳn
|-
| all + Genitive / Ergative clitic /i/ || áˈlòṳnì || áˈlòṳní || àˈlǒṳnì
|}
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