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Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions
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→Slot XII / Bóok XII
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Short question: "Readgálinnulìi?" | Short question: "Readgálinnulìi?" | ||
The last group of question markers is to some degree special, as they came out of active usage about 500 years ago. However, they belong to the literal language and are there expected to be used. The spoken language [colloquial and formal] does create relative sentences differently. Instead of employing a relative sentence marker, this language variations combine a quotationmarker "-da-" [receives secondary stress] and one of the question markers [person, object or quality] to create relative sentences. Examples: | |||
Yesterday I bought the book that I like [the book that pleases me]. | |||
"Remgȁbindȁäl bukí plidbánebklò." (Literal language) | |||
"Rem-g-ȁ-b-i-n-dȁäl buk-í plid-b-á-n-e-b-klò." | |||
BUY-val.acc.-pret.-1.sg.-acc.-inam.obj.sg.-yesterday | BOOK-acc. | LIKE-val.dat.-pres.-inam.obj.sg.-dat.-1.sg.-rlm.-nom. | |||
"Rem-g-ȁ-b-i-n-dȁäl buk-í plid-b-á-n-e-b-dà-kso | |||
BUY-val.acc.-pret.-1.sg.-acc.-inam.obj.sg.-yesterday | BOOK-acc. | LIKE-val.dat.-pres.-inam.obj.-sg-dat.-1sg.-quot.-qm.obj.-nom. | |||
The Relative clause markers [used in literary language only] | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
!Question !! Basic suffix !! Case !! Suffix used !! Variations [dialect] / Evolution | |||
|- | |||
| which? || -kl- || -o [Nom.] || -klo || kl-o < *kl- < *kel- | |||
|- | |||
|| Of which? || -kl- || -a [Gen.] || -kla || ks-a < *kl- < *kel- | |||
|- | |||
|| [To] which? || -kl- || -e [Dat.] || -kle || ks-e < *kl- < *kel- | |||
|- | |||
|| which? || -kl- || -i [Acc.] || -ksi || kl-i < *kl- < *kel- | |||
|- | |||
|| where? || -kl- || -öp [old loc.] || -klöp || kl-öp < *kl- < *kel- | |||
|- | |||
|| As which? || -kl- || -u [Ess.] || -klu || ks-u < *kl- < *kel- | |||
|- | |||
|| To which [transforming]? || -kl- || -ü [Transl.] || -klü || kl-ü *kl- < *kel- | |||
|- | |||
|| At which time? [precise] || -kl- || -im [time] || -klim || kl-im < *kl- < *kel- | |||
|- | |||
|| When? [general] || -kl- || -üp [time precise] || -klüp || kl-üp < *kl- < *kel- | |||
|- | |||
|| Why? || -kl- || -ib [reason] || -klib || ks-ib *kl- < *kel- | |||
|} | |||
===Co-verb suffixes=== | ===Co-verb suffixes=== | ||