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Weddish: Difference between revisions
→Verbs: forms
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{{Main|Weddish/Verbs}} | {{Main|Weddish/Verbs}} | ||
Weddish textbooks call their verb conjugations, ''present'', ''past'', and ''future'', and then list all the ways they aren't. It seems better to call then what they are: aspects and moods. The Continuous, the Perfective, and the Subjunctive are available in most verbs. What makes it more confusing is that two verbs -- to be and to have -- do indeed conjugate for tense, and are used extensively at the start of discourses, and at jumps in the relative time. | Weddish textbooks call their verb conjugations, ''present'', ''past'', and ''future'', and then list all the ways they aren't. It seems better to call then what they are: aspects and moods. The Continuous, the Perfective, and the Subjunctive are available in most verbs. What makes it more confusing is that two verbs -- to be and to have -- do indeed conjugate for tense, and are used extensively at the start of discourses, and at jumps in the relative time. | ||
==== Continuous ==== | |||
{| class="bluetable" style="text-align:right;" | |||
|+ Continuous Finite | |||
! !! One !! Many | |||
|- | |||
! 1st | |||
| –ם | |||
| rowspan="3" | –ן | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd | |||
| –ס | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd | |||
| –ת | |||
|} | |||
Imperatives are '''-ø''' for the singular and –ת for the plural. The participle (verb-made-adjective) is –נד. The infinitive (verb-made-noun) is –ינה. The gerund (auxiliary-verb-complement) is –יע. | |||
==== Aorist ==== | |||
{| class="bluetable" style="text-align:right;" | |||
|+ Aorist Finite | |||
! !! One !! Many | |||
|- | |||
! 1st | |||
| -ø | |||
| rowspan="3" | –ון | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd | |||
| –ס | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd | |||
| -ø | |||
|} | |||
The aorist is made from a different principle part, which is sometimes predictable through umlaut or reverse umlaut, and sometimes not. There is also the suffixing of a -ד or –ט (cp. Germanic weak verbs). The imperative is –ת. The participle is ג...וד. The infinitive is ג...ן. The gerund is ג...ד. | |||
==== Subjunctive ==== | |||
Often used as a simple future, the subjunctive is made from the same stem as the continuous. one: –א. Many –וח. | |||
==== Auxiliary ==== | |||
The three main forms of each verb only show aspect. True tense marking requires the presence of a copula. | |||
Other aux verbs include skulen (should), wilen (will), weuþen (to become), dwyn (to do), hauven (to have) | |||
=== Adnominals === | === Adnominals === | ||
Adjectives is an open class in Weddish. They follow the noun and need not agree in any way, though they often do so in a way that keeps the trochaic meter going (see Prosody). Prepositional phrases and relative clauses follow adjectives. Verbs conjugated as participles are adjectives, taking the head noun as their absolutive argument. Other uses of verbs require relative clauses. | Adjectives is an open class in Weddish. They follow the noun and need not agree in any way, though they often do so in a way that keeps the trochaic meter going (see Prosody). Prepositional phrases and relative clauses follow adjectives. Verbs conjugated as participles are adjectives, taking the head noun as their absolutive argument. Other uses of verbs require relative clauses. | ||