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Eḥeiθymmen Amran: Difference between revisions
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'''Eḥeiθymme''' distinguishes between three aspects: the '''Perfective''' aspect indicates an action completed, or an action as a whole; the '''Imperfective''' aspect indicates a continuous action; the '''Perfect''' aspect indicates a completed action prior to some event in context. Only the Perfective and the Imperfective have unique morphological templates; the Perfective aspect is formed via periphrasis. | '''Eḥeiθymme''' distinguishes between three aspects: the '''Perfective''' aspect indicates an action completed, or an action as a whole; the '''Imperfective''' aspect indicates a continuous action; the '''Perfect''' aspect indicates a completed action prior to some event in context. Only the Perfective and the Imperfective have unique morphological templates; the Perfective aspect is formed via periphrasis. | ||
* The structure of the '''Perfective''' is: '''-12a3''' | * The structure of the '''Perfective''' is: '''-12a3''' | ||
* The structure of the '''Imperfective''' is: '''-1a23''' | |||
'''Eḥeiθymme''' distinguished between two times: the '''Past''' time indicates actions in the past; the '''Non-Past''' time indicates actions not in the past, and in some contexts covers both the present and the future. Aspect and time combine to yield tense. | '''Eḥeiθymme''' distinguished between two times: the '''Past''' time indicates actions in the past; the '''Non-Past''' time indicates actions not in the past, and in some contexts covers both the present and the future. Aspect and time combine to yield tense. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<br> | | style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<br> eleneil<br> '''β'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<br> elereið eleneil | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<br> | | style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<br> alaryad eleneil | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<br> | | style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<br> elereið alanyal | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<br> alaryad alanyal | | style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<br> alaryad alanyal | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<br> | | style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<br> alaamn eleneil | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<br> alamman | | style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<br> alamman eleneil | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<br> | | style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<br> alaamn alanyal | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<br> alamman alanyal | | style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<br> alamman alanyal | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> | | style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> alamauθ nayal<br> '''β'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> elereið alamauθ nayal | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> alaryad | | style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> alaryad alamauθ nayal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> | | style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> elereið alamwat nayal | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> alaryad alamwat nayal | | style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>+</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> alaryad alamwat nayal | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Imperfective Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> | | style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> alaamn alamauθ nayal | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> alamman | | style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''β'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> alamman alamauθ nayal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" | Perfect Aspect | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> | | style="text-align: right;" | '''β'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> alaamn alamwat nayal | ||
| style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> alamman alamwat nayal | | style="text-align: right;" | '''α'''<sup>-</sup><sub>''copula''</sub> + '''α'''<sub>''modal''</sub> + '''V'''<sub>''infinitive''</sub><br> alamman alamwat nayal | ||
|} | |} | ||