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Kämpya: Difference between revisions
→Basic Syntax: Added section about pronouns in ditransitive sentences
(→Basic Syntax: Added section on postpositional phrases in ditransitive sentences) |
(→Basic Syntax: Added section about pronouns in ditransitive sentences) |
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'''You''' are the enemy. | '''You''' are the enemy. | ||
===Intransitive Sentences=== | ===Intransitive Sentences=== | ||
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guardian=ERG bone=SEC forest=in give dog | guardian=ERG bone=SEC forest=in give dog | ||
It was the guardian that gave the bone to the dog. | It was the guardian that gave the bone to the dog in the forest. | ||
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The guardian gave the fat to the dog. | The guardian gave the fat to the dog. | ||
====With Pronouns==== | |||
=====Ergative Pronouns===== | |||
These can come in their usual position immediately before the verb e.g. | |||
/áˈjòṳ=tí pʰáˈzè̤t=dé jô̰ gḭ̂b kʰwèi̤/ | |||
bone=SEC forest=in 2PS.ERG give dog | |||
You gave the bone to the dog in the forest. | |||
Or they can come before the noun in the secundative case e.g. | |||
/jô̰ áˈjòṳ=tí pʰáˈzè̤t=dé gḭ̂b kʰwèi̤/ | |||
2PS.ERG bone=SEC forest=in give dog | |||
You gave the bone to the dog in the forest. | |||
This creates a small amount of amiguity, since /jô̰ áˈjòṳ=tí/ can also be read as "your bone (alienable)". Thus the above sentence could also be read as "your bone (alienable) was given to the dog in the forest". | |||
=====Secundative Pronouns===== | |||
The emphatic forms of the accusative pronouns are used, together with the secundative postposition /tí/. However, some of these pronouns end in open monophthongs with harsh phonation, triggering the sandhi rules discussed before (changing the phonation on the vowel to glottalised, and leniting the postposition to /ɾí/. Here is a list of the pronouns when used with the secundative postposition: | |||
1st Person Exclusive - /mìʔ=ɾí/ | |||
1st Person Inclusive = /là̰n=tí/ | |||
2nd Person = /ḭ̀ŋ=tí/ | |||
3rd Person = /swìʔ=ɾí/ | |||
Reflexive = /sèʔ=ɾí/ | |||