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Kämpya: Difference between revisions
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→Basic Syntax: Added section on postpositional phrases in ditransitive sentences
(→Basic Syntax: Added section on postpositional phrases in ditransitive sentences) |
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The lizard bit the dog. | The lizard bit the dog. | ||
===Ditransitive Sentences=== | ===Ditransitive Sentences=== | ||
For verbs such as "give", "sell", "send" etc. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditransitive], the normal situation is to have the donor marked in the ergative case in the usual position (i.e before the verb and any postpositional phrases), the theme (whatever is being given / sold etc. to someone) directly after it, and marked with the secundative postposition /-ti/, and the recipient in the absolutive case either after the verb or topicalised at the beginning of the sentence e.g. | For verbs such as "give", "sell", "send" etc. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditransitive], the normal situation is to have the donor marked in the ergative case in the usual position (i.e before the verb and any postpositional phrases), the theme (whatever is being given / sold etc. to someone) directly after it, and marked with the secundative postposition /-ti/, and the recipient in the absolutive case either after the verb or topicalised at the beginning of the sentence e.g. | ||
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The guardian gave the bone to the dog. | The guardian gave the bone to the dog. | ||
====With Postpositional Phrases=== | |||
Postpositional phrases usually come after the theme (i.e. whatever takes the secundative case) e.g. | |||
/ˈsíʔtà=zù áˈjòṳ=tí pʰáˈzè̤t=dé gḭ̂b kʰwèi̤/ | |||
guardian=ERG bone=SEC forest=in give dog | |||
It was the guardian that gave the bone to the dog. | |||
====Allomorphy==== | ====Allomorphy==== | ||
Immediately after a | Immediately after a monophthong with breathy voice (and thus necessarily a vowel in an open syllable that has stress), the secundative clitic becomes /ɾi/ e.g. | ||
/ˈsíʔtà ŋà̤=ɾí gḭ̂b kʰwèi̤/ | /ˈsíʔtà ŋà̤=ɾí gḭ̂b kʰwèi̤/ | ||
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Immediately after a | Immediately after a monophthong with harsh voice, the clitic also becomes /ɾi/. However, it also triggers a phonation shift on the vowel from harsh to glottalised e.g. the noun meaning "animal fat" is /áˈsʰḭ̀/ in Tone Class 2. It normally has harsh voice, but it combines with the secundative clitic to form /áˈsʰìʔ=ɾí/, as in: | ||
/ˈsíʔtà áˈsʰìʔ=ɾí θú=gḭ̂b kʰwèi̤=jàuŋ/ | /ˈsíʔtà áˈsʰìʔ=ɾí θú=gḭ̂b kʰwèi̤=jàuŋ/ | ||
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In the forest, the dog bit the lizard. | In the forest, the dog bit the lizard. | ||
==Noun Phrases== | ==Noun Phrases== | ||