Weddish: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
52 bytes added ,  23 October 2022
m
→‎Orthography: remove old sounds
m (typos)
m (→‎Orthography: remove old sounds)
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:
|name=Weddish
|name=Weddish
|nativename=Weðisk
|nativename=Weðisk
|region=[[w:Wales|Wales]]
|states=[[w:Wales|Wales]], [[w:United States|United States]]
|familycolor = Indo-European
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
|fam2=[[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam2=[[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3=[[w:West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
|fam3=[[w:West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
Line 12: Line 11:
|ancestor2=[[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor2=[[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]]
|ancestor3=[[w:Old Frisian|Old Frisian]]
|ancestor3=[[w:Old Frisian|Old Frisian]]
|script       =  [[w:Hebrew script|Hebrew]]
|script1       =  Hebr
|creator = [[User:Aquatiki|Robert Murphy]]
|creator = [[User:Aquatiki|Robert Murphy]]
|speakers = 40 000
|speakers = 40 000
|date = 2015 census
|date = 2015 census
|iso3=wds
|agency=Beth Diyn d'Weddisk
|agency=Beth Diyn d'Weddisk
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


'''Weddish''' is a [[w:West Germanic language]] spoken by several small communities within [[w:Wales]] and several large one within the United States.  Approximately 40,000 people speak Weddish as their L1.  It is of considerable interest to linguists and ethnographers, because of its complex history and unique place in the world.
'''Weddish''' is a [[w:West Germanic language|West Germanic language]] spoken by several small communities within [[w:Wales|Wales]] and several large one within the United States.  Approximately 40,000 people speak Weddish as their L1.  It is of considerable interest to linguists and ethnographers, because of its complex history and unique place in the world.


Weddish began as a dialect of [[w:Old Frisian]], which fell under the influence of its Welsh-speaking neighbors (unlike its Anglo-Saxon kin).  It was "conquered" by Jews in 1066, and "freed" by the [[w:Edict of Expulsion]] in 1290, and so returned to being under Welsh influence.  English has exerted some small sway over its development.
Weddish began as a dialect of [[w:Old Frisian|Old Frisian]], which fell under the influence of its Welsh-speaking neighbors (unlike its Anglo-Saxon kin).  It was "conquered" by Jews in 1066, and "freed" by the [[w:Edict of Expulsion|Edict of Expulsion]] in 1290, and so returned to being under Welsh influence.  English has exerted some small sway over its development.


== Design Goals ==
== Design Goals ==
Line 44: Line 42:


=== 1290 ===
=== 1290 ===
When Edward I issued the edict of expulsion in 1290, the influence of external Jewry ceased, and all appearance of Judaism had to be removed from the public eye.  The Wedds had their own ''Domus Conversorum'' set up, and were allowed to create their own monastic order, where the vows of marriage were conjoined with the vows of holy orders.  Hebrew schools continued in private, with Talmud and Maimonides studies going on for several more centuries.  Because they were not allowed to officiate over the Mass, Weddish "convents" avoided much of the accreting philosophy, and were among the hotbeds of Protestant theology, until the [[w:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542]].   
When Edward I issued the edict of expulsion in 1290, the influence of external Jewry ceased, and all appearance of Judaism had to be removed from the public eye.  The Wedds had their own ''Domus Conversorum'' set up, and were allowed to create their own monastic order, where the vows of marriage were conjoined with the vows of holy orders.  Hebrew schools continued in private, with Talmud and Maimonides studies going on for several more centuries.  Because they were not allowed to officiate over the Mass, Weddish "convents" avoided much of the accreting philosophy, and were among the hotbeds of Protestant theology, until the [[w:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542|Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542]].   


With the decline of the surrounding Welsh culture, Wedds happily retreated into the background.  By the 19th century, however, a growing concern over the state of the Western world had settled in, and after several Weddish-wide councils, a missions-through-monasticism philosophy was official ensconced in the Weddish laws.  Since then, they have actively been involved in evangelism and scholarly theology.  [[w:James B. Jordan]] and his [[w:Christian Reconstructionist]] theology have become the mainstay of Weddish discourse.
With the decline of the surrounding Welsh culture, Wedds happily retreated into the background.  By the 19th century, however, a growing concern over the state of the Western world had settled in, and after several Weddish-wide councils, a missions-through-monasticism philosophy was official ensconced in the Weddish laws.  Since then, they have actively been involved in evangelism and scholarly theology.  [[w:James B. Jordan|James B. Jordan]] and his [[w:Christian Reconstructionist|Christian Reconstructionist]] theology have become the mainstay of Weddish discourse.


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
Line 253: Line 251:
| ת '''þ'''
| ת '''þ'''
| ס '''s'''
| ס '''s'''
| סי '''sy'''
| סי '''š'''
|  
|  
| ח '''c'''
| ח '''c'''
Line 280: Line 278:
|-
|-
! unvoiced
! unvoiced
| הו '''wh'''
|  
|  
|  
| ש '''ł'''
| ש '''ł'''
| יה '''yh'''
|  
| || ||
| || ||
|}
|}
Line 326: Line 324:
; With S : ,סק, סמ, סנ and סל.  Older versions of the language forbid '''st-''', but it is now permissible.  The same could be said of ספּר, סטר, סקר, ספּל, and סקל.
; With S : ,סק, סמ, סנ and סל.  Older versions of the language forbid '''st-''', but it is now permissible.  The same could be said of ספּר, סטר, סקר, ספּל, and סקל.
; With C : חל, חר, and חו.  New words no longer force '''sl-''' to change to '''cl-'''.
; With C : חל, חר, and חו.  New words no longer force '''sl-''' to change to '''cl-'''.
; With Þ/X : In a few Semitic words, תנ and צנ begin the syllable, e.g. {{C|צנוע}} (modest), or {{C|תנוך}} (earlobe).  There is also '''xl''', as in {{C|צלבן}} (to crucify).
; With Þ/X : In a few Semitic words, תנ and צנ begin the syllable, e.g. {{term|צנוע}} (modest), or {{term|תנוך}} (earlobe).  There is also '''xl''', as in {{term|צלבן}} (to crucify).


The bulk of onset consonant clusters are subject to mutation.  There are many doubles on this table, but it is important to note the lexical form of a word,
The bulk of onset consonant clusters are subject to mutation.  There are many doubles on this table, but it is important to note the lexical form of a word,
Line 550: Line 548:


=== Ergative ===
=== Ergative ===
{{C|־ק}}
{{term|־ק}}




Line 678: Line 676:
Adjectives is an open class in Weddish.  They follow the noun and need not agree in any way, though they often do so in a way that keeps the trochaic meter going (see Prosody).  Prepositional phrases and relative clauses follow adjectives.  Verbs conjugated as participles are adjectives, taking the head noun as their absolutive argument.  Other uses of verbs require relative clauses.   
Adjectives is an open class in Weddish.  They follow the noun and need not agree in any way, though they often do so in a way that keeps the trochaic meter going (see Prosody).  Prepositional phrases and relative clauses follow adjectives.  Verbs conjugated as participles are adjectives, taking the head noun as their absolutive argument.  Other uses of verbs require relative clauses.   


Nouns can be made adnominal, either by being put into the genitive or by certain suffixes.  For example {{C|־סק}} '''-(i)sq''' attaches to nouns or adjectives and makes them into adjectives mean "of or pertaining to x" (cp. English -ish).
Nouns can be made adnominal, either by being put into the genitive or by certain suffixes.  For example {{term|־סק}} '''-(i)sq''' attaches to nouns or adjectives and makes them into adjectives mean "of or pertaining to x" (cp. English -ish).


=== Adverbials ===
=== Adverbials ===
Like in English, nouns of time can be used as adverbs with zero-derivation.  The suffix {{C|־לך}} '''-lik'' (cp. English -ly) is the most common adverb-maker.
Like in English, nouns of time can be used as adverbs with zero-derivation.  The suffix {{term|־לך}} '''-lik'' (cp. English -ly) is the most common adverb-maker.


== Numerals ==
== Numerals ==
Line 714: Line 712:
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Celtic languages]]
[[Category:Semitic languages]]
[[Category:Ergative-absolutive languages]]
[[Category:Ergative-absolutive languages]]
[[Category:Fusional languages]]
[[Category:Fusional languages]]
[[Category:Weddish]]
[[Category:Weddish]]
[[Category:Auxlangs]]
[[Category:Auxlangs]]
[[Category:Jewish languages]]

Navigation menu