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→Morphology
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
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The nouns are inflected for six cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, locative and instrumental. The former Slavic vocative merged with nominative case. | The nouns are inflected for six cases: nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, locative and instrumental. The former Slavic vocative merged with nominative case. | ||
The Dravenian language bhas three genders: masculine, neuter and feminine. In accordance with other Slavic languages the accusative of masculine animate nouns is identical to nominative while inanimate masculine nouns have an accusative identical to the genitive. Therefore the the masculine gender can be subdivided into animate and inanimate, resulting in an total number of gender in Dravenian. | The Dravenian language bhas three genders: masculine, neuter and feminine. In accordance with other Slavic languages the accusative of masculine animate nouns is identical to nominative while inanimate masculine nouns have an accusative identical to the genitive. Therefore the the masculine gender can be subdivided into animate and inanimate, resulting in an total number of gender in Dravenian. | ||
Each noun belongs to a declensional class and is inflected according to one of the three following accentual patterns: acrostatic (a), hysterokinetic (b) or amphikinetic (c). The different accentual patterns result in a lot of vocalic alternation with in a paragigm and into two sets of endings: strong endings and weak endings. | |||
o-declension | o-declension | ||
The o-declension contains masculine and neuter nouns, for which it is the most common and productive class. | |||
It can be divided into two subclasses: the hard o-declension and the soft jo-declension. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! !! o !! !! jo | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Sg. !! m. !! n.!! | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | Nom. || -Ø |||| -ó||-e||-i||-e | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Gen. || -o || | | Akk.|| N./G.|| | ||
|- | |||
| Gen. || -o | |||
|- | |||
| Dat. || -au | |||
|- | |||
| Loc. || -e | |||
|- | |||
|Instr. || -oam | |||
|} | |} | ||
a-Declension | |||
The a-Declension consists entirely of feminine nouns and is the most common and most productive class for those. | |||
Parallely to the o-stemd the a-declension can be subdivided into hard a-stems and soft ja-stems. | |||
i-Declension | |||
u-declension | |||
w-declension | |||
In contrast to other Slavic languages the w-declension or ū-declension is well preserved and still productive, especially for Low Saxon and German loan words ending in velar consonant. | |||
Consonantal declension | |||
Adjectives | Adjectives | ||
Verbs | Verbs | ||
There are several tenses in Dravenian. The Old Slavic tenses perfect, imperfect and aorist are preserved. But several analytical tenses were created through Low Saxon and German influence | |||
Adverbs | Adverbs | ||
Particles | Particles | ||